Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization

Olden, Julian D.; Poff, N. LeRoy; Douglas, Michael E.; Fausch, Kurt D.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2003.09.010

Cited by 1,259 publications

(1,080 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…1, 2), and were similar in different geographic locations (F = 4.89, P \ 0.05, Fig. S4 & S5), which was an indication of biotic homogenization (Olden et al 2004). In contrast, bacterial communities were found to be more dissimilar in rhizosphere soils of diseased P. notoginseng (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Molecular characterization of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soils and roots of diseased and healthy Panax notoginseng

Hao

Zeng

et al. 2015

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Rhizosphere and root-associated microbial communities are known to be related to soil-borne disease and plant health. In the present study, the microbial communities in rhizosphere soils and roots of both healthy and diseased Panax notoginseng were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA for bacteria and 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer for fungi, to reveal the relationship of microbial community structure with plant health status. In total, 5593 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 963 fungal OTUs were identified in rhizosphere soils, while 1794 bacterial and 314 fungal OTUs were identified from root samples respectively. Principal coordinate analysis separated the microbial communities both in the rhizosphere soils and roots of diseased P. notoginseng from healthy plants. Compared to those of healthy P. notoginseng, microbial communities in rhizosphere soils and roots of diseased plants showed a decrease in alpha diversity. By contrast, bacterial community dissimilarity increased and fungal community dissimilarity decreased in rhizosphere soils of diseased plants, while both bacterial and fungal community dissimilarity in roots showed no significant difference between healthy and diseased plants. Redundancy analysis at the phylum level showed that mycorrhizal colonization and soil texture significantly affected microbial community composition in rhizosphere soils, whereas shoot nutrition status had a significant effect on microbial community composition in root samples. Our study provided strong evidence for the hypothesis that microbial diversity could potentially serve as an indicator for disease outbreak of medicinal plants, and supported the ecological significance of microbial communities in maintaining plant healthy and soil fertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Molecular characterization of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soils and roots of diseased and healthy Panax notoginseng

Hao

Zeng

et al. 2015

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…This highlights the need to widen the focus from specialization when investigating functional homogenization and consider it in the context of temporal changes in the spatial dissimilarity of communities, as outlined by Olden et al. (2004). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, homogenization can also comprise increasing similarity of community trait composition: a process known as “functional homogenization” (Tobias & Monika, 2011). Traits are an important component of biodiversity due to their role in driving ecosystem stability and functioning (Díaz & Cabido, 2001; Olden et al., 2004), shaping species distributions (Pollock, Morris & Vesk, 2012), and determining responses to environmental change (Flynn et al., 2009; Newbold et al., 2012). Understanding the turnover of traits in space and time, therefore, has been recognized as an essential area of investigation to determine whether changes in taxonomic turnover are accompanied by changes in functional turnover, or whether functional redundancy may ensure ecosystem functioning is maintained despite losses in taxonomic diversity (Villéger, Grenouillet & Brosse, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method assumes that generalist species colonize an area and outcompete specialist species, thus decreasing the mean specialization of the community (Clavel, Julliard & Devictor, 2011; Davey, Chamberlain, Newson, Noble & Johnston, 2012). Using mean specialization, however, ignores similarity between communities (Gosselin, 2012), which is integral to the general definition of homogenization as an increase in spatial similarity of genetic, functional, or taxonomic diversity in time (Olden & Rooney, 2006; Olden et al., 2004). More recently, a handful of studies have measured functional homogenization by calculating the difference in functional (dis)similarity between communities over time (Baiser & Lockwood, 2011; Monnet et al., 2014; Sonnier et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does functional homogenization accompany taxonomic homogenization of British birds and how do biotic factors and climate affect these processes?

White

Montgomery

Storchová

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Environmental change has reshuffled communities often causing taxonomic homogenization rather than differentiation. Some studies suggest that this increasing similarity of species composition between communities is accompanied by an increase in similarity of trait composition—functional homogenization—although different methodologies have failed to come to any consistent conclusions. Functional homogenization could have a large effect on ecosystem functioning and stability. Here, we use the general definition of homogenization as “reduced spatial turnover over time” to compare changes in Simpson's beta diversity (taxonomic turnover) with changes in Rao's quadratic entropy beta diversity (functional turnover) in British breeding birds at three spatial scales. Using biotic and climatic variables, we identify which factors may predispose a site to homogenization. The change in turnover measures between two time periods, 20 years apart, was calculated. A null model approach was taken to identify occurrences of functional homogenization and differentiation independent of changes in taxonomic turnover. We used conditional autoregressive models fitted using integrated nested Laplace approximations to determine how environmental drivers and factors relating to species distributions affect changes in spatial turnover of species and functional diversity. The measurement of functional homogenization affects the chance of rejection of the null models, with many sites showing taxonomic homogenization unaccompanied by functional homogenization, although occurrence varies with spatial scale. At the smallest scale, while temperature‐related variables drive changes in taxonomic turnover, changes in functional turnover are associated with variation in growing degree days; however, changes in functional turnover become more difficult to predict at larger spatial scales. Our results highlight the multifactorial processes underlying taxonomic and functional homogenization and that redundancy in species traits may allow ecosystem functioning to be maintained in some areas despite changes in species composition.

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“…Biological invasions are global phenomena that threaten terrestrial, marine and freshwater biodiversity [1][2][3][4]. In particular, invasions are leading to BIOTIC HOMOGENIZ-ATION (see Glossary), with widespread ecological and evolutionary implications [4,5].…”

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confidence: 99%