Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Nutritional Flexibility in Planktotrophic Larvae of the Deep Sea Red Crab Geryon quinquedens and the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria)

Sulkin, Stephen D.; Heukelem, William F. Van

doi:10.3354/meps002091

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These are partially utilised during embryogenesis, with varying amounts remaining available as an energy reserve for early planktonic larvae, and larger reserves remaining at hatching in the WL (Paschke 1998). Hence, Crangon crangon produces nutritionally less vulnerable (or nutritionally more flexible; for concepts, see Sulkin 1978, Sulkin & van Heukelem 1980, Staton & Sulkin 1991 larvae in winter and early spring, when plankton production is on average low or unpredictable. As a consequence, successful larval development may also occur under poor nutritional conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, knowledge of critical points in initial feeding may aid in maximising larval survival and metamorphosis in both research cultivation (see Kinne 1977) and aquaculture of commercially exploited species. In crustacean larvae, both the PNR and the PRS can be quantified experimentally to characterise the 'nutritional vulnerability' (Sulkin 1978) or 'nutritional flexibility' (Sulkin & van Heukelem 1980). Since these measurements of larval starvation resistance should vary with the general level of larval fitness (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seasonal variation in starvation resistance of early larval North Sea shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Paschke¹,

Gebauer²,

Búchholz³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in starvation resistance of early larval North Sea shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Paschke¹,

Gebauer²,

Búchholz³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The rather good development in early larval stages (see above) and in small species (Broad, 1957a;Simon, 1979) suggest that algal cell (or chain) size relative to larval size, morphology (mouth parts), and behavioural traits are determinant factors for the suitability of phytoptankton as a food source. The same is probably true for small zooplankton such as rotifers (Brick, 1974;Sulkin & Norman, 1976;Sulkin, 1978;Anger & Nair, 1979;Sulkin & van Heukelem, 1980). Particularly positive rearing results with mixed diets (Regnault, 1969a;Ingle & Rice, 1971;Sandifer, 1972;Christiansen & Yang, 1976;Manzi et al, 1977) show, however, that qualitative (biochemical) aspects are also very important in larval nutrition.…”

Section: Foodmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental studies on the larval development of the shrimpsCrangon crangon andC. allmanni

Criales

Anger

1986

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Larvae of the shrimps Crangon crangon L. and C. alImanni Kinahan were reared in the laboratory from hatching through metamorphosis. Effects of rearing methods (larval density, application of streptomycin, food) and of salinity on larval development were tested only in C.crangon, influence of temperature was studied in both species. Best results were obtained when larvae were reared individually, with a mixture of Artemia sp. and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as food. Streptomycin had partly negative effects and was thus not adopted for standard rearing techniques. All factors tested in this study influenced not only the rates of larval survival and moulting, but also morphogenesis. In both species, in particular in C. crangon, a high degree of variability in larval morphology and in developmental pathways was observed. Unsuitable conditions, e.g. crowding in mass culture, application of antibiotics, unsuitable food (rotifers, phytoplankton), extreme temperatures and salinities, tend to increase the number of larval instars and of morphological forms. The frequency of moulting is controlled mainly by temperature. Regression equations describing the relations between the durations of larval instars and temperature are given for both Crangon species. The number of moults is a linear function of larval age and a power function of temperature. There is high variation in growth (measured as carapace length), moulting frequency, morphogenesis, and survival among hatches originating from different females. The interrelations between these different measures of larval development in shrimps and prawns are discussed.

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“…In addition to needing a source of energy to sustain metabolism, most species must obtain specific nutrients from the diet to maximize survival and development rate (Sulkin & van Heukelem 1980, Levine & Sulkin 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination in ingestion of protistan prey by larval crabs

Hinz¹,

Sulkin²,

Strom³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We determined the incidence of ingestion of 4 autotrophic dinoflagellates and 1 heterotrophic dinoflagellate by first stage larvae of 4 species of crabs. Crab species were 2 winter spawning brachyurans Cancer magister and C. oregonensis, 1 summer spawning brachyuran Hemigrapsus oregonensis, and 1 anomuran Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii. Autotrophic dinoflagellate prey were Prorocentrum micans, which sustain survival of crab larvae in laboratory culture, and 2 species of Alexandrium spp. that do not. P. micans were ingested by virtually all larvae of all 4 crab species, while both toxic and non-toxic strains of Alexandrium were almost never ingested. Results of rearing experiments generally confirmed that larvae were receiving no nutritional contribution from Alexandrium spp. prey. When brachyuran larvae were presented with mixtures of P. micans and Alexandrium spp. in defined ratios, virtually all larvae ingested both types of algal prey. Suspending Alexandrium cells in P. micans exudate did not enhance their ingestion nor did suspending P. micans in Alexandrium exudate reduce ingestion. Ingestion of plastic beads was low (<12%) except when offered in combination with P. micans cells (58%). H. oregonensis larvae ingested the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans that had previously fed on either P. micans or one of the toxic Alexandrium strains, with no apparent preference. Results suggest the presence of a positive ingestion stimulus provided by P. micans and N. scintillans, but its absence in Alexandrium spp. Absence of ingestion of Alexandrium was not related to the presence of toxins. The ingestion stimulus appears to reside on the prey cell surface. Although crab larvae appear able to discriminate among algal prey, non-discriminate feeding seems likely to occur in mixed prey assemblages in which at least some prey possess the positive ingestion cue, perhaps permitting rapid ingestion of available particles when dense prey patches are encountered in an otherwise sparse prey environment.

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Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Nutritional Flexibility in Planktotrophic Larvae of the Deep Sea Red Crab Geryon quinquedens and the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria)

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Seasonal variation in starvation resistance of early larval North Sea shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Seasonal variation in starvation resistance of early larval North Sea shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Experimental studies on the larval development of the shrimpsCrangon crangon andC. allmanni

Discrimination in ingestion of protistan prey by larval crabs

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