Ecological plasticity of winter wheat varieties depending on root nitrogen nutrition in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To determine the growing factors impact the economically valuable characteristics of new soft winter wheat varieties. Methods. Field, biochemical methods, ANOVA. Results. The influence of the growing zone, the growing season conditions and the genotype of the soft winter wheat varieties on yield, protein and gluten content were determined. The conditions of the growing zone have the greatest influence on studied varieties yield – 73%. On average, for 2020–2021, the maximum yield was obtained in the Forest-Steppe zone – 6.23–8.39 t/ha. In the Forest zone, the yield of studied soft winter wheat varieties was 5.31–7.02 t/ha. For the Steppe zone, the yield was within 5.16–6.63 t/ha. It was determined that varieties which showed low yield in the Forrest zone were characterized by higher yield in the Steppe zone. It was found that the growing zone (49%) and growing season (42%) conditions have the greatest effect on the protein content in grain of studied varieties. It was determined that variety ‘MANDARIN’ was characterized by the highest protein content in all growing zones (14.5–16.4%). In the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, high protein content was identified in grain of wheat varieties ‘Tata Mata’ (13.6–14.3%), ‘Eneida’ (13.6–14.3%) and ‘Novator’ (14.2 and 13.2%), in the Forest zone – in grain of varieties ‘Vahoma’ and ‘Eneida’ – 13.4% each. It was found that the growing zone conditions impacted gluten content in grain of studied wheat varieties by 64%, the influence of the growing season conditions was 28%. The effect of variety genotype on protein and gluten content was 5 and 4%, respectively. The grain of soft winter wheat varieties ‘MANDARIN’ and ‘Eneida’ contained the largest amount of gluten in all growing zones (27.7–31.8% and 27.3–30.3%). For the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, a high gluten content was found in grains of varieties ‘Illusion’ (28.4 and 30.8%) and ‘Tata Mata’ (27.8 and 29.8%). Conclusions. It was found that growing zone conditions of soft winter wheat varieties (73%) and the interaction of factors zone × year (21%) impacted the yield significantly. The growing zone conditions (49 and 64%), growing season conditions (21 and 28%) and genotype of variety (5 and 4%, respectively) had a significant influence on protein and gluten content. Therefore, a significant influence of growing zone conditions on the productivity indicators of soft winter wheat determines the need to select varieties in order to obtain a high yield, taking into account the soil and climatic zone

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The growing factors impact the productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties

Prysiazhniuk

Khomenko

Liashenko

et al. 2023

PVSandP

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Adaptability of winter bread wheat by homeostaticity and breeding value

Yarosh

Riаbchun

2021

Genet. resur. rosl.

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Aim. To determine the adaptability of modern winter bread wheat varieties by homeostaticity and breeding value of their yields in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. The adaptability of modern winter bread wheat varieties was determined by homeostaticity and breeding value of their yields in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It was found that, in mid-tall genotypes, homeostaticity (Hom) ranged 22.6 to 84.5 with a higher breeding value (Sc = 3.49–6.32) compared to semi-dwarf accessions (Hom = 18.9–56, 3 and Sc = 3.16–4.99, respectively). Korovaina (Hom = 84.5) and Vyhadka (Hom = 75.8) (UKR) are highly homeostatic mid-tall accessions. As to the semi-dwarf group, MV Nador (HUN) was the best in terms of this trait (V = 10.8%; Hom = 56.3). We demonstrated that the shares of the middle-homeostatic accessions were 28.6% in the mid-tall group and 30.8% in the semi-dwarf group; the shares of the low-homeostatic accessions were 57.1% and 69.2%, respectively. We selected sources with the highest breeding value for this parameter of adaptability, which exceed its average value in the experiment (Sc = 4.9). They include Metelytsia Kharkivska (Sc = 6.32), Korovaina (Sc = 6.16), Raihorodka (Sc = 6.00), Vyhadka (Sc = 5.74), Zoloto Ukrainy (Sc = 5.63), Darynka Kyivska (Sc = 5.42), and Hubernator (Sc = 5.08) (UKR). The shares of sources distinguished due to their breeding value are 50% in the mid-tall group and 38.5% in the semi-dwarf group. Conclusions. Korovaina (Hom = 84.5; Sc = 6.16) and Vyhadka (Hom = 75.8; Sc = 5.74) (UKR) are the most significant mid-tall genotypes that combine high homeostaticity and breeding value. The sources of adaptability identified in the study of homeostaticity and breeding value are valuable starting material to create new highly adaptive and promising varieties of winter bread wheat in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine.

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Yield of gene pool accessions of winter bread wheat on different backgrounds of fertilizer under eastern part of forest-steppe of Ukraine conditions

Avramenko

Popov

Kuz'menko

2021

Genet. resur. rosl.

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Aim. Research and give comparative assessment of modern bread winter wheat varieties of different gene pool accessions from different originating institutions on some backgrounds of mineral fertilizers and identify universal varieties that will provide high yield potential with different growing technologies. Results and Discussion. Vozdvizhenka and Okhtyrchanka yuvileina stood out, against the background without fertilizers. Their average yield are 6.09 t/ha and 6.05 t/ha, respectively, Peremoha – 5.75 t/ha, Haiok – 6.39 t/ha. On fertilized background, Peremoha variety was the most productive – 6.38 t/ha, Zdobna variety, which averaged 6.54 t/ha, which is 0.59 t/ha (10%) more than the Bohdana variety. Significant yield increase was also obtained in Haiok varieties – 0.33 t/ha (6%) and Harmonika – 0.25 t/ha (4%). Conclusions. It was found that yield potential of new varieties of winter bread wheat was significantly higher than that most common Bohdana variety in Ukraine. The tested varieties Vozdvizhenka, Okhtyrchanka yuvileina and Svitankova provided high yield increase only against an unfertilized background. Whereas the varieties Zdobna and Haiok, as well as Peremoha, showed high yield potential on both fertilizer backgrounds, which indicates their versatility and makes it possible to grow these varieties in farms with different levels of soil nutrition and resource provision.

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Ecological plasticity of winter wheat varieties depending on root nitrogen nutrition in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

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The growing factors impact the productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties

The growing factors impact the productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties

Adaptability of winter bread wheat by homeostaticity and breeding value

Yield of gene pool accessions of winter bread wheat on different backgrounds of fertilizer under eastern part of forest-steppe of Ukraine conditions

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