Ecological risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediments, seawater, wastewater, and benthic macroinvertebrates, Persian Gulf

Lahijanzadeh, Ahmad Reza; Rouzbahani, Maryam Mohammadi; Sabzalipour, Sima; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad Bagher

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.030

Cited by 33 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…However, the impact of the discharge on the water quality further downstream or at the river estuary was not researched. [ 29 ]. A study by Trávníček et al, in 2022, examined and compared recent WWTP failures and incidents worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Failure on the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea)

Jaskulak

Sotomski

Michalska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In August 2019 and during August/September 2020, the main collection system of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Warsaw, Poland, malfunctioned. During that system failure, over 4.8 million m3 of untreated wastewater was dropped directly into the Vistula River in just a few days. It is currently considered as one of the largest known failures of WWTP worldwide. In order to assess the environmental impact, water samples were collected from 2 spots at the Vistula river estuary (406 and 415 km from the discharge location, respectively), and 4 spots at the Gulf of Gdansk, situated on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea. The sampling was conducted before the wastewater wave reached the Vistula river’s mouth, followed by daily sampling during 21 days after the malfunction occurred. The study showed the decline in water quality at the Vistula river estuary and the Baltic shore waters as the wave of wastewater reached those points, despite being situated over 400 km downstream from the place of the accident. Those changes included the reduction in the dissolved oxygen content (by 0.69-fold at its peak), the increase in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (by 1.28-fold at its peak), nitrate-nitrogen (N-NO3) (by 1.68-fold at its peak), phosphorous (P) (by 2.41-fold at its peak), conductivity (by 16.8-fold at its peak), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (by 1.84-fold). In the samples from the Vistula river, the decline in water quality was seen as incidental and lasted 2–3 days. Subsequently, the levels of physical and chemical parameters returned to the levels from before the accident. However, the changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk lasted significantly longer, especially on the West side of the Vistula river, where, even after 21 days from the initial accident, some parameters remained altered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Failure on the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea)

Jaskulak

Sotomski

Michalska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…In northern Liaodong Bay, the ecological risks posed by heavy metals in seawater were relatively low with only Cu and Pb levels exceeding the criteria maximum concentration set by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (2004) in spring, and Cu also exceeded the criteria maximum concentration in winter [17]. The concentrations of As and Hg in the Persian Gulf were found exceeding the limits considered hazardous for aquatic life, and Hg posing the greatest potential ecological risk in the sediment [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in a Typical Mariculture Area in Western Guangdong

Liu

Wei

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The distribution characteristics, environmental contamination states, and potential ecological risks of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in seawater, sediment and breeding feed were studied in a typical mariculture area in western Guangdong of China. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine metal homology, and the single-factor index, potential ecological risk index, hazard quotient (HQ), and joint probability curve (JPC) were used to evaluate pollution states and ecological risk of metals. Four main statements can be concluded from the results: (1) Pb and Cu showed a similar distribution pattern in the seawater and sediment and their contents in the breeding wastewater exceeded the standard limits in several stations. (2) Cr, Cu, and As have similar sources in the feeds, which may be an important source of metals in water. (3) The risk assessment revealed that the sediment from the studied areas was at a low ecological risk of heavy metal, whereas, water in the pond and outfall was slightly polluted by Pb, and water in the cages and outfall were slightly polluted by Cu. (4) Both the hazard quotient (HQ) and joint probability curve showed the overall risk probabilities (ORPs) in the waters ranked as Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd > As. Although Pb and Cd had HQ values greater than 1, their ORPs were acceptable. This study highlights that multiple evaluation models are more reliable than the single ecological risk assessment for evaluating heavy metal pollution risks in the mariculture area.

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“…Furthermore, crude oil and natural gas deposits may contain PTEs such as Pb, Cd, and Cu, which can be mobilized during drilling, transportation, and refining processes [12]. The discharge of wastewater from petroleum production facilities can also contribute to PTEs pollution in nearby marine environments [13]. Agriculture runoff from neighboring farms and untreated sewage discharge from populated areas are additional contributors to PTEs pollution in the region [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Texture, Geochemical Variation, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Major Elements and Trace Metals in the Sediments of the Northeast Persian Gulf

Vaezi

Lak

2023

Minerals

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This study presents a comprehensive analysis of sediment texture along with geochemical variation, potential sources, and ecological risk assessment of major elements and trace metals in the bottom sediments of Iranian territorial waters situated in the northeast Persian Gulf. To achieve this, diverse laboratory methods, GIS techniques, statistical analyses, and index analysis approaches were employed. Over 50% of the sediment particles are mud, while one-third are sand-sized particles, primarily composed of skeletal fragments. The sediment’s elements concentrations were ranked in descending order as Ca > Al > Fe > Sr > Mn > Ba > Cr > Ni > V > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Co > Mo > Cd. Cluster analysis revealed strong correlations among Al-Ni-Cr-V, Cd-Cu-Zn-Pb, Ba-Fe, silt-clay, and Ca-Sr. Calcium and strontium showed extremely severe enrichment due to high content of carbonate matter. Arsenic and Mo were significantly enriched, while Ba, V, Co, Zn, and Cu demonstrated moderate enrichment. Nevertheless, all the sampling stations were classified as having zero to very low levels of contamination, indicating a low potential ecological risk. Arsenic emerged as the primary contributor to the ecological risk index. Notably, no strong correlation was found between As, Mo, and other elements, indicating that As and Mo likely originate from distinct sources.

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Ecological risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediments, seawater, wastewater, and benthic macroinvertebrates, Persian Gulf

Cited by 33 publications

References 90 publications

The Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Failure on the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea)

The Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Failure on the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea)

Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in a Typical Mariculture Area in Western Guangdong

Sediment Texture, Geochemical Variation, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Major Elements and Trace Metals in the Sediments of the Northeast Persian Gulf

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