Economic and ecological potential of the protected areas in the Pieniny Mountains

Abstract

The aim of this paper was a synthetic evaluation of selected aspects of the economic and ecological potential of the Pieniny, one of the most interesting medium-height mountain ranges in the Carpathians. The paper is an attempt to analyse the potential of protected areas of Pieniny Region, especially the Pieniny National Park. Economic interest and nature conservation as pursued by the national park and supported by the specific, individual farms, seem to be related to a significant extent. Except for the highly developed non-agricultural entrepreneurship in the Pieniny communes, including tourism and the related services, smallscale, dispersed agricultural production is important here. Sheep are kept in small herds and the majority of them are handed over for collective grazing during the season. They are grazed in 12 herds, one of which is involved in the environment-friendly cultural grazing in the Pieniny National Park. Sheep grazing in the pasture lands and abandoned arable land helps to maintain the biodiversity and the attractiveness of the cultural landscape, and tourists can buy sheep's cheese produced by the local people, who live in the Pieniny.

Bioeconomy credentials and intellectual capital: a comparative modelling approach for the E.U.-13 and E.U.-15

“…under the compelling effects of intellectual capital. Theoretical and empirical foundations of such an endeavour are rooted in the neoclassical location theory, the new trade theory and the new economic geography (Krugman, 1991;Golebiewski, 2018). These fields of knowledge emphasise the importance of spatial organisation and distribution of economic activities and networks effects in enhancing the output of key industries.…”

Economy, State, and Society as an Interpretative Triad of Attitudes towards Protected Areas among its Residents. On the Example of Pieniny National Park in Poland

“…The main problems of the national park and its surroundings are the abandonment of agriculture, construction pressure (including second homes) and dispersal of buildings, which are negative phenomena from the point of view of landscape protection and biodiversity conservation (Cząstka, 2008;Musiał, Musiał, 2018).…”

Agricultural and environmental functions of sustaining land use in Polish protected mountain areas

“…Nowadays this is a factor determining the cultural capital of the region, often expressed in the attachment to the unique tradition (Musial K., 2018). This also entails strong attachment of the rural population to the land, which includes small farms, passed down from generation to generation (Musial W., 2017;Musial W., and Musial K., 2018). When confronted with the contemporary market economy, such behaviour is often reviewed, which impacts the way of using farmlands.…”