Economic evaluation of ion-exchange processes for nutrient removal and recovery from municipal wastewater

Huang, Xiangjun; Guida, Samuela; Jefferson, Bruce; Soares, Ana

doi:10.1038/s41545-020-0054-x

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regarding the mechanical strength, the laboratory scale experiments, showed the Zeolite-N has slightly higher resistance to compression but lower resistance to attrition, when compared to Zeolite6. Following the results from previous studies 1 , 31 , at demonstration scale, Zeolite-N was used to remove ammonium from secondary effluent wastewater at an empty bed contact time of 10 min while 10 bed volumes of regenerant were used for restoring the initial capacity of the media. In these conditions, Zeolite-N presented AEC = 0.13–1.32 meq NH 4 + -N/g media and Q reg = 0.05–0.29 meq NH 4 + -N/g media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and evaluation of zeolites for ammonium removal from municipal wastewater through ion exchange process

Guida

Potter²,

Jefferson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the application of ion exchange process for ammonium (nH 4 +-n) removal from wastewater is limited due to the lack of suppliers of engineered zeolites which present high ammonium exchange capacity (Aec) and mechanical strength. this study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of synthetic zeolites (Zeolite1-6) by measuring AEC and resistance to attrition and compression, against natural (clinoptilolite) and engineered zeolite (reference, Zeolite-n). At high nH 4 +-N concentrations, Zeolite6 and Zeolite2 showed capacities of 4.7 and 4.5 meq NH 4 +-N/g media, respectively. In secondary effluent wastewater (initial nH 4 +-N of 0.7 meq NH 4 +-N/L), Zeolite1, 2 and 6 showed an AEC of 0.05 meq NH 4 +-N/g media, similar to Zeolite-N (0.06 meq NH 4 +-N /g media). Among the synthetic zeolites, Zeolite3 and 6 showed higher resistance to attrition (disintegration rate = 2.7, 4.1 NTU/h, respectively) when compared with Zeolite-N (disintegration rate = 13.2 NTU/h). Zeolite4 and 6 showed higher resistance to compression (11 N and 6 N, respectively). Due its properties, Zeolite6 was further tested in an ion exchange demonstration scale plant treating secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. However, Zeolite6 disintegrated after 2 months of operation, whilst Zeolite-N remained stable for 1.5 year. This highlighted the importance of the zeolite's mechanical strength for successful application. in particular, future work should focus on the optimization of the zeolite production process (temperature, time and dimension of the kiln during calcination) to obtain an engineered zeolite with a spherical shape thus reducing eventual sharp edges which can affect mechanical strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and evaluation of zeolites for ammonium removal from municipal wastewater through ion exchange process

Guida

Potter²,

Jefferson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Municipal wastewater (WW) usually arrives as a mixture from toilets, kitchens, and bathrooms at a central WW treatment plant without closing material flows [1]. Nutrients in treated municipal water are, in most cases, lost and squandered through the discharge into water bodies, which can lead to eutrophication with detrimental effects to aquatic environments [2]. The two key nutrients in municipal WW are nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P), which, if reused, could diminish not only eutrophication and potential pollution but their recovery could act as a sustainable fertilizer source [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and Re-Use of Raw Blackwater by Chlorella vulgaris-Based System

Bifarini

Žitnik

Bulc

et al. 2020

Water

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In this study, we examined a Chlorella vulgaris-based system as a potential solution to change liquid waste, such as blackwater, into valuable products for agriculture while protecting waters from pollution without technical demanding pre-treatment. To evaluate the possibility of nutrient removal and biomass production from raw blackwater, four blackwater dilutions were tested at lab-scale: 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The results showed that even the less diluted raw blackwater was a suitable growth medium for microalgae C. vulgaris. As expected, the optimum conditions were observed in 10% blackwater with the highest growth rate (0.265 d−1) and a nutrient removal efficiency of 99.6% for ammonium and 33.7% for phosphate. However, the highest biomass productivity (5.581 mg chlorophyll-a L−1 d−1) and total biomass (332.82 mg dry weight L−1) were achieved in 50% blackwater together with the highest chemical oxygen demand removal (81%) as a result of the highest nutrient content and thus prolonged growth phase. The results suggested that the dilution factor of 0.5 followed by microalgae cultivation with a hydraulic retention time of 14 days could offer the highest biomass production for the potential use in agriculture and, in parallel, a way to treat raw blackwater from source-separation sanitation systems.

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“…But, indeed, high costs for disposal of rejects or regenerants are noneconomical and hazardous, which makes recovery of regenerants critical. This in turn requires employing different methods to recover nutrients such as ammonia recovery by hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) with sulfuric acid and hydrated lime for phosphorus along with media replacements (Canellas, 2018; Canellas et al, 2019; Guida et al, 2020; Huang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Treatment Technologies Available For Saline Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Marathe

Singh

Raghunathan

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Different industrial activities such as agro‐food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land‐based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. Practitioner points Physico‐chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land‐based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land‐based treatment.

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Economic evaluation of ion-exchange processes for nutrient removal and recovery from municipal wastewater

Cited by 84 publications

References 24 publications

Preparation and evaluation of zeolites for ammonium removal from municipal wastewater through ion exchange process

Preparation and evaluation of zeolites for ammonium removal from municipal wastewater through ion exchange process

Treatment and Re-Use of Raw Blackwater by Chlorella vulgaris-Based System

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

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