Economic Pressure, Livelihood Strategy, and Family Well-being in Cimanuk Watershed, Garut and Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

<p>The objective of this study is to analyze economic pressure, livelihood strategy, and well-being of families in Cimanuk Watershed. This study used a cross-sectional study design. As many as 72 samples of lower middle class families (determined by Poverty Line of BPS 2013) who have toddler and school age children were chosen puposively. This study was conducted in Garut District and Indramayu District. The results showed that inspite of being in poverty, only one out of three families felt highly economic pressure, and one out of ten families perceived poorly well-being. Family economic pressure was affected by the region difference, education level of father, and ownership of financial capital. Meanwhile, family well-being was affected by the education level of the father, financial capital, social capital, access to the environment, economic pressure, and livelihood diversification. Livelihood diversification is the strategy that most poor families did in Cimanuk Watershed. Livelihood diversification of families was affected by the age of the wife, expenditure per capita, social capital, and access to the environment.</p>

Factors Determining the Welfare of the Sunda Strait Tsunami Victim’s Family. A Mechanism Disaster Impact on SDGs in Family Level

“…Prosperity and survival are one of the ultimate goals of livelihood strategies, so families with lower levels of welfare will make every effort to get out of poverty and become more prosperous [28]. Meanwhile, the diversification of livelihoods carried out by non-poor families aims to develop their businesses and bring them to a higher level of welfare [29].…”

Investigating the Quality of Life on Farmer Family: Roles of Gender Relations, Economic Pressure, Financial Management, and Livelihood Strategies

“…Economic pressure is significantly negatively related to the quality of life, the lower the economic pressure, the higher the quality of life felt by the family (Simanjuntak et al, 2010). The analysis results show that economic pressure has a significant negative effect on family welfare, family welfare decreases with increasing economic pressure (Sabania & Hartoyo, 2016;Raharjo et al, 2015).…”

“…Thornton et al (2007) stated that families with high economic pressure generally implement and plan economic coping strategies to increase income. Sabania and Hartoyo (2016) state that economic pressure affects the livelihood strategy, high economic pressure will make families adopt a double income pattern. According to Astuti et al (2016), economic pressure affects family coping strategies related to efforts to increase income, economic pressure encourages families to have other jobs or provides opportunities for family members to meet family needs.…”

“…Poverty as a problem that caused of inability to meets economic needs experienced by 10.64 per cent Indonesian people who majorities is farmer family. West Java province as the larger population in Indonesia have 8.77 per cent poor people, while Subang as the district which have 11.73 per cent poor people (BPS, 2014;2016).…”

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“…Tekanan ekonomi dapat dilihat dari tingkat pendapatan, perubahan pendapatan yang semakin tidak memadai, dan pekerjaan yang tidak stabil (Raharjo, Puspitawati, & Krisnatuti, 2015). Tekanan ekonomi dapat dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan wilayah, pendidikan kepala keluarga, dan modal finansial (Sabania & Hartoyo, 2016). Keluarga yang mengalami tekanan ekonomi akan mengahadapi konflik rumah tangga yang lebih tinggi yang secara tidak langsung dapat meningkatkan depresi ibu dan menurunkan dukungan sosial (Robila & Krishnakumar, 2005).…”