“…Pain is a distressing condition that is often associated with various ailments, including metabolic disorders, viz. cancer and diabetes, neurological diseases like Parkinson’s disease, and chronic infectious diseases ( Li et al, 2019 ; Yang, 2019 ; Singla et al, 2021a ; Singla et al, 2021b ; Singla et al, 2022b ). Electrical interface-based neuromodulation has shown promise in the treatment chronic pain, significantly where high attrition rates, costs, or regulatory restrictions limit pharmacological agents.…”