Education and demography: a review of world population and human capital in the 21st century

Abstract

This discussion piece is an extended review of the work on projecting the world's population and human capital by country conducted by the Wittgenstein Centre (WIC). The project was led by Wolfgang Lutz, and its outcomes were published by Oxford University Press in a book that appeared in 2014. Using statistics from the book and elsewhere, this article starts with an overview of the development of educational attainment. The role that education plays in the WIC2014 model is identified. Definitions of 'multi-dimensional', 'multi-state', and 'micro-simulation' are offered, and are used to characterise the model. A thumbnail sketch of the main methods used in the projections is given. The final section sets out a possible agenda for the future development of the WIC2014 model. This review is intended to help readers tackle the more than 1,000 pages of argument and analysis in the book, which represents a major contribution to demographic research in the 21st century.

Исследование Локального Рынка Труда В Условиях Демографического Дивиденда В Городских Районах Индонезии

“…The term «slum» typically describes neighborhoods with poor living conditions but fails to encompass the progressive aspects of urbanization [49]. Instead, it has become synonymous with precarity and poverty, contributing to the marginalization of these areas and obscuring the diversity of urban experiences [1,37,[47][48][49][50][51]. In essence, the combination of urbanization, rapid population growth, and high employment density may hinder sustainable economic development in metropolitan areas.…”

Labor Force Aging and the Composition of Regional Human Capital

“…From a demographic perspective, the trait of increased educational attainment is transmitted upwards through the age distribution: the composition of a population's education changes with cohort replacement as well as due to differences in cohort sizes (Rees, 2018). We would thus expect that regions with an older labour force have relatively lower levels of human capital, ceteris paribus.…”

Alan Wilson – contributions to research on population and migration

“…Panel B of Table 6 lists examples of migration studies which estimate differences in migration propensity by group dimensions beyond location, age and sex. Sander, Abel, and Riosmena (2014) explain how the Abel and Sander (2014) estimates are assigned educational attainment grades for use in the Lutz, Butz, and KC (2014) projections though the assignments do need improvement (Rees 2019b). Bernard and Bell (2018) use IPUMS survey data for 56 countries covering 65% of the world population to assess differentials in migration rates by educational grade.…”