Education and Research as Components of Indonesia Defense Diplomacy

Abstract

<p>Defense diplomacy seeks to build partnerships through the use of defense-related programs. The Government of Indonesia develops practical cooperation among regional and extra-regional defense establishments on areas of mutual concern in education and research. Indonesia assigns Indonesia Defense University (IDU) to provide professional graduate education in defense studies with strong practical and area emphasis, conduct relevant research in defense strategy and management, national security and defense technology. Heads of Defense Universities/Colleges/Institutions Meeting (HDUCIM) serves the exchange of information concerning curriculum, defense concepts, and state defense development; it is also possible to conduct cooperation on research. In promoting regional security, defense diplomacy through education and research could play an important role in posing the stability of interstate relations by illustrating the relations between Indonesia-Cambodia and Indonesia-Philippines. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0in; line-height: 106%;"> </p>

Xi Jinping, “China Dream”, and Chinese Military Diplomacy to ASEAN

“…While the Central Committee of CCP dictates broad foreign policy goals, the CMC determines specific activities for various PLA parts. This is related to the fact that China's military diplomacy is subject to party and national diplomatic strategy and foreign policy (Cai, 2016).…”

“…According to Cai (2016), military diplomacy as an official policy first emerged in the 1998 National Defence White Paper. In this document, it was stated, "China's foreign military contacts are subordinate to and serve the modernization of national defence and the armed forces.…”

“…This era made China face major powers and their regional allies, including Japan and Western-oriented regimes in the Third World. Cai (2016) asserted that China had exercised military exchanges with foreign defence forces in this early period of a new state.…”

“…However, Cai (2016) underlined that defence diplomacy developed by ADMM-Plus has a conceptual conflict with China's military diplomacy. Although China's military diplomacy is still evolving, China's military diplomacy can be defined as "the pursuit of foreign policy objectives under the guidance of China's national grand strategy through the peaceful employment of military resources and capabilities to maintain national interests (both domestically and overseas), security, and development," meanwhile, defence diplomacy is "a traditional security concept used for the realpolitik purposes of strengthening Western allies against common enemies" (Cai, 2016). The divergence of both concepts lies on, for China's point of view represented by Chinese diplomat Qian Qichen, that "in regard to foreign relations, any armed force to coordinate diplomatic actions cannot be called military diplomacy" (Cai, 2016).…”

Tantangan Kebijakan Diplomasi Pertahanan Maritim Indonesia Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Laut Natuna Utara

“…Australia menjadi pencetus dan memiliki sejarah panjang dalam melakukan diplomasi pertahanan, inventarisasi akan menjadi langkah pertama untuk mengembangkan strategi yang jelas untuk diplomasi pertahanan Australia dan tempatnya dalam kebijakan strategis nasional Australia (Taylor, 2014). Seiring dengan perubahan dan perkembangan jaman, negara-negara Asia Tenggara kini mampu menggunakan diplomasi pertahanan untuk mencapai dua kepentingan yang selama ini dikenal saling bersilangan yaitu, pembangunan nasional dan keamanan nasional (Midhio & Priyono, 2019). Menurut Fearon (2002), peluang akan dimenangkan menuju politik internasional oleh mereka yang mampu bermain secara elegan dengan sumber domestic yang tersedia.…”