Educational Value of Johan Vincent Galtung’s Conflict Resolution in Reducing Gender Issues Based Violence

Abstract

This article will explore the educational value of Johan Vincent Galtung's thoughts on conflict resolution that he offers in breaking down gender-based violence. As many people already know that gender issues are very closely related to discussions about violence. Apart from direct violence, Galtung emphasized another form of violence, namely structural violence, which was not carried out by individuals but hidden in smaller and wider structures. Penetration, segmentation, marginalization and fragmentation, as part of exploitation are reinforcing components in structures that function to block formation and mobility from struggling against exploitation. Johan Galtung's thinking is in line with the thinking of radical feminists. Galtung claims patriarchy as direct, structural and cultural violence. Patriarchy creates a dichotomy between public and private roles, productive and reproductive, which forms an unequal power relations between men and women. As a peace activist, the educational value of conflict resolution offered by Galtung was considered quite wise. Violence is not only done by men, but also by women. According to him, what should be hated is patriarchy, not men. Various forms of violence can be eradicated and replaced with peace. If everyone agrees not to commit physical violence, in which there is gender based violence, then everyone will also get peace.
 
 سوف تستكشف هذه المقالة قيمة التعليم عند أفكار جوهان فنسنت غالتونغ Johan Vincent Galtung حول حل النزاعات التي يقدمها في كسر العنف القائم على النوع الاجتماعي. كما يعلم الكثير من الناس بالفعل أن قضايا النوع مرتبطة ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالمناقشات حول العنف. وبصرف النظر عن العنف المباشر ، أكد غالتونغ على شكل آخر من أشكال العنف ، ألا وهو العنف الهيكلي ، الذي لم يقم به أفراد ولكنه كان مخبأ في هياكل أصغر وأوسع. ويؤدي الاختراق والتجزئة والتهميش والتجزؤ ، كجزء من الاستغلال ، إلى تعزيز العناصر في الهياكل التي تعمل على منع التكوين والحركة من النضال ضد الاستغلال. يكمن تفكير جوهان غالتونغ في تفكير النسويين المتطرفين. يدعي غالتونغ أن الأبوية هي عنف مباشر وهيكلي وثقافي. يخلق النظام الأبوي انقسامًا بين الأدوار العامة والخاصة ، الإنتاجية والإنجابية ، التي تشكل علاقات قوة غير متكافئة بين الرجال والنساء. بصفتها ناشطة سلام ، اعتبرت قيمة التعليم لحل النزاعات التي قدمها غالتونغ من الحكمة. العنف لا يتم فقط من قبل الرجال ، ولكن أيضا من قبل النساء. وفقا له ، ما ينبغي أن يكره هو الأبوية ، وليس الرجال. يمكن القضاء على أشكال العنف المختلفة واستبدالها بالسلام. إذا وافق الجميع على عدم ارتكاب العنف الجسدي ، حيث يوجد عنف قائم على نوع الجنس ، فسوف يحصل الجميع أيضًا على السلام.
 
 Artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi nilai edukasi pemikiran Johan Vincent Galtung tentang resolusi konflik yang ia tawarkan dalam mengurai kekerasan berbasis gender. Sebagaimana yang telah diketahui banyak orang bahwa isu gender sangat lekat dengan pembahasan mengenai kekerasan. Selain kekerasan langsung, Galtung menekankan bentuk lain dari kekerasan, yaitu kekerasan struktural, yang tidak dilakukan oleh individu tetapi tersembunyi dalam struktur yang lebih kecil maupun lebih luas. Penetrasi, segmentasi, marginalisasi dan fragmentasi, sebagai bagian dari eksploitasi merupakan komponen penguat dalam struktur yang berfungsi menghalangi formasi dan mobilitas untuk berjuang melawan eksploitasi. Pemikiran Johan Galtung sejalan dengan pemikiran kaum feminis radikal. Galtung mengklaim patriarki sebagai kekerasan langsung, struktural dan kultural. Patriarki membuat dikotomi antara peran publik dan privat, produktif dan reproduktif, yang membentuk relasi kuasa yang timpang antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebagai seorang aktifis perdamaian, nilai edukasi resolusi konflik yang ditawarkan oleh Galtung dirasa cukup bijak. Kekerasan bukan semata-mata dilakukan oleh laki-laki, tetapi juga perempuan. Menurutnya yang harusnya dibenci adalah patriarki, dan bukannya laki-laki. Beragam bentuk kekerasan bisa dihapuskan dan digantikan dengan perdamaian. Jika semua orang sepakat tidak melakukan kekerasan fisik, yang di dalamnya ada kekerasan berbasis gender, maka semua orang juga akan mendapatkan perdamaian.

Patient Abuse in Healthcare: A Theoretical Synthesis

“…She noted that researchers who use the VVT must integrate gender as an essential concept. Dodi (2019) integrated Galtung's reasoning to show that patriarchy creates a dichotomy between public and private roles, productive and reproductive, which forms an unequal power relation between men and women. He indicated that violence is carried out not only by men but also by women and that patriarchy is what should be blamed, not men.…”

“…Several authors and researchers have incorporated the use of the VVT in their work. Both Confortini (2006) and Dodi (2019) used Galtung's theory to study the relationship between gender and violence. Confortini (2006) integrated the VVT into feminist theories to explain the missing gender gap when addressing violence.…”

Sexuality Education to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence

“…In contrast, the gender-based segregation in the traditional perspective is seen by scholars as a historically constructed construct. Galtung (2018) (cited in Dodi, 2019), a Norwegian sociologist and peace researcher, based on human physiology and hormonal phenomena, and DeKeseredy and Schwartz (2011), the fact that in 90% of cases abusers are able to behave in a non-conflict way in nonintimate settings, Kimmel (2000), who has pointed out that violence as a strategy for preserving one's own species is incompatible with the health problems of the partner and the children, and many other scholars disagree with the notion that gender determines the men's higher level of aggression, need for dominance and control, and that biology may justify a lower level of responsibility in the sexual relationship. As well as the fact that women are inherently more passive, tend to be in the 'victim' role, or have higher levels of emotionality (Cavanagh, 2006).…”

From Sufism to Resolution: Examining the Spiritual Teachings of Tarekat Shiddiqiyyah as the Theology of Peace in Indonesia

“…Various forms of violence can be eradicated and replaced with peace. If everyone agrees not to commit physical violence, in which there is genderbased violence, everyone will also get peace (Dodi, 2018b).…”