EEG Changes in Traumatic Brain Injured Patients After Cognitive Rehabilitation

Abstract

Background. Little research has addressed cognitive rehabilitation and changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) following training of traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients suffering from attention deficits because of their injury. This study focuses on changes in relative and absolute power in frontal, central and posterior regions of the TBI patients' brain following training on attention skills using a software program called Captain's Log.Methods. The five participants-aged 20 to 45 years-received 22 sessions of training on their attention skills. Their attention skills were assessed at the beginning and end of the research study through a variety of psychometrics as well as through scaled self-reports. Their EEG was also recorded before and after training, during eyes-open resting baseline, eyes-closed resting baseline, eight cognitive tasks and a post-tasks eyes-open resting condition. Only the first two baselines were analyzed in the present study. (The rest of the conditions will be analyzed in another study.) The hypotheses that the participants' delta, theta, and alpha relative and absolute power would decrease and that their beta power would increase following training were analyzed.Results. Although there were significant post-task changes in four out of the five case studies in relative and absolute power, both in eyes-closed Please note that this electronic prepublication galley may contain typographical errors and may be missing artwork, such as charts, photographs, etc. Pagination in this version will differ from the published version.Stamatina Stathopoulou received Masters and PhD degrees in Experimental Psychology from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, where she worked under the supervision of Joel F. Lubar, Professor of Psychology.

EEG Spectral-Power and Coherence: LORETA Neurofeedback Training in the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

“…There appears to be a reorganization of all frequencies in numerous cortical regions over sessions. The data suggest that LNFB in the ACcd increases absolute power in many regions known to share anatomical connections with the AC and that are shown to be active during attentional, cognitive and executive processes (Tzourio, Massioui, Joliot, Renault, & Mazoyer, 1997;Stathopoulou & Lubar, 2004;Pardo, Fox, & Raichle, 1991;Cabeza et al, 2003;Towle et al, 1993).…”

“…Moreover, the prefrontal cortex and AC are suggested to be associated with response selection (Coull, Frackowiak, & Frith, 1998;Stathopoulou & Lubar, 2004;Pardo, Fox, & Raichle, 1991). Activation of the prefrontal cortex, AC, bilateral parietal cortex and occipital areas is reported in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments involving sustained attention and counting (Ortuño et al, 2001).…”

Neuroplastic Changes Induced by Cognitive Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review

“…Other studies used neurophysiological measures to focus on the cerebral modifications induced by attention treatments. In an EEG study, Stathopoulou and Lubar 28 analyzed the changes in cerebral waves following attention training in a group of 5 TBI subjects. Converging evidence 69 suggests that higher attention deficits result in increased delta, theta, and alpha power, and decreased beta bands.…”

“…1,3,13,18 Similarly, ERPs and oscillatory activity from the human EEG give relevant information about the severity of injury and its impact on neuronal pathways, including their efficiency in conducting signals from the peripheral to the central nervous system (CNS), the ability of CNS structures to process sensory input, and the ability of specific sensory systems to perceive and integrate stimuli. 25 However, even if many studies discussed all the possible applications of neuroimaging and neurophysiological instruments for diagnostic and prognostic purpose, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] as far as we know there are no review studies focusing on the neuroplastic changes induced by cognitive training in TBI individuals. The main purpose of this work was to broadly examine the literature on the structural, functional, and neurophysiological modifications of cognitive treatments in chronic TBI subjects.…”

The Effective Brain Areas in Recognition of Dyslexia

“…Like seeing letters with shift or in reverse. 3,9,10 As it is clear, all of these problems are essential factors in the learning process at school years. Dyslexic child suffers these consequences despite having a right IQ level and health in hearing and vision.…”