Efeito anti-inflamatório do treinamento físico na insuficiência cardíaca: papel do TNF-α e da IL-10

Abstract

Over the past 50 years, the understanding of the deteriorative changes involved in the progression of heart failure (HF), initially described as resulting from changes in salt and fluid retention, or changes in hemodynamic parameters, have changed significantly. Recently, several studies conducted in HF patients showed altered plasma (or serum) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukins 1, 6, and 18, and cardiotropin-1, among other inflammatory markers. These changes were independent of HF etiology, suggesting a common pathogenic pathway. In response to these new findings, interventions to prevent and/or reduce these inflammatory changes have been proposed.The aerobic training-induced cardiovascular benefits of physical exercises performed at intensities ranging from mild to moderate have been previously reported. Moreover, it has been shown that moderate aerobic physical training seems to be able to modulate, in the presence of an abnormal chronic inflammatory condition, the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, soluble adhesion molecules, chemoattractant factors and oxidative stress. Altogether, these data indicate a possible anti-inflammatory effect induced by physical training.Therefore, this review aims to assess the role of physical training as an alternative non-pharmacological adjuvant to be administered in some pathological conditions in which TNF-α chronic changes are predominant, as in HF. The "antiinflammatory effect" induced by physical training seems to be primarily mediated by IL-10.

Exercise training decreases NADPH oxidase activity and restores skeletal muscle mass in heart failure rats

“…We have observed that AET decreased oxidative stress and TNF-␣ levels when compared with MI-UNT. This reduction in oxidative stress triggered by AET has been associated with an improved exercise capacity (35) and New York Heart Association functional class (27) being named as "anti-inflammatory effect" of AET in HF (8,27). It is important to consider that other proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1␤ might be involved in muscle mass loss in HF.…”

Aerobic and Resistant Physical Exercise on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients: are there any Benefits?

“…Both low level of physical activity [18] and loss of physical function capacity [20] are independently associated with adverse outcomes that impair the quality of life of these individuals [20]. In recent years, several studies have proposed that exercise training in the general population reduces the risk of chronic and metabolic diseases, and has anti-inflammatory effects [21,22]. However, there are few studies addressing the effect of aerobic exercise and exercise resistance to inflammation modulation in CKD patients on dialysis and pre-dialysis [23].…”