Efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade versus treinamento contínuo na composição corporal: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise

Abstract


 
 
 A Obesidade é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e a sua prevalência cresce a cada ano atingindo mais de 2 bilhões de adultos no mundo. As principais recomendações para perda de gordura concentram-se em exercícios de estados estacionários de intensidades moderadas. Entretanto, essas diretrizes não conseguem ser atendidas pela maior parte da população adulta. Sendo assim, novas modalidades ou intensidades de exercícios vem sendo propostas na tentativa de promover perdas mais significativas da gordura corporal. Foi realizado uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) e do treinamento contínuo nos desfechos: massa corporal total, percentual de gordura, índice de massa corporal e circunferência de cintura de indivíduos com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct, PEDro, Scielo e Cochrane Library. A análise foi restrita a ensaios clínicos randomizados em adultos com 18 anos de idade ou mais e com excesso de peso corporal. As meta-análises foram conduzidas utilizando o software Review Manager para modelos de efeitos aleatórios com o método do inverso da variância para os dados contínuos, os dados foram apresentados por diferença da média e IC95%. Quatorze estudos foram incluídos para a análise meta-analítica, houve redução significativa para o grupo CONT para circunferência de cintura (1,19 cm; IC95%: 0,34–2,04; p= 0,006; I2= 0%). Em conclusão, o HIIT não se mostrou melhor estatisticamente em relação ao CONT para alterar os marcadores da composição corporal.
 
 

Relativizing effects of high intensity interval training vs continuous moderate

“…The study of Keating et al, published at 2014, also is utilized in several meta-analyses 5,6,8 and has a high score on the TESTEX scale of methodological quality. However, analyzing this intervention of 12 weeks, we observed that in the four initial weeks (2/3 of intervention), the participants performed four to six sprints of 30-45s on 120% of V̇O2peak, with 120-180s of active recovery periods at 30W.…”

“…Regarding HIIT prescription, Fisher et al study, published at 2015, are also included in some meta-analysis 5,6,8 and have some issues. This study was conducted to investigate possible differences between models of aerobic exercise, considering the hypothesis that higher volume in MICT would lead to better outcomes.…”

“…Nevertheless, despite the differences in volume (5x/ week and 3x/week, and biggest duration of sessions), the average intensity was lower in HIIT, which turns volume comparisons impossible since this was not the only unequal variable between protocols. Lastly, the intervention of Earnest et al, published at 2013, included in the meta-analysis 6 has the intention of performing isocaloric training, and the authors did not describe the duration of the sessions. We reinforce that meta-analysis has a high impact on professional practice 9 .…”

“…However, in consequence of prestige and facility to making this type of study, the production of meta-analysis and systematic review reached epidemic proportions 3 . In this sense is observed an increase in production of meta-analysis and systematic review, regarding effects of aerobic exercise on body composition [4][5][6][7][8] . Broadly, those investigations compare protocols of Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) with High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on different variables, such as body mass 4 , body mass index 6,7 , waist circumference 5,6,8 , body fat percentage [4][5][6][7][8] and visceral fat 4,7 .…”

“…There seems to be a consensus that physical exercise has a positive effect on health and HIIT is a trend in the fitness world in the last years. On the view of the relevance of the thematic involving the MICT and HIIT training protocols in body composition and the methodological implications on meta-analyses conductions, we are compelled to realize considerations regarding recent articles that address about this theme, mainly on the possible absence of difference between MICT and HIIT related in some recent investigations 4,6 . Wewege et al 8 also related the absence of difference between MICT and HIIT.…”