Efeitos da dieta suplementada com ômega-3 no músculo sóleo de ratos submetidos à natação: análise histológica e morfométrica

Abstract

RESUMOAs lesões musculares têm sido observadas como as mais frequentes nos esportes. Considerando a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio como um fator de risco para instalação de lesões e características antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias do ômega-3, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as alterações histológicas e morfométricas do músculo sóleo de ratos que realizaram natação, associado a uma dieta suplementada com ômega-3. Para sua realização foram utilizados 31 ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos, sendo os grupos A e C suplementados com azeite de oliva e B e D com 3g/dia de ômega-3 por quatro semanas. Os grupos C e D foram submetidos à natação cinco dias/semana por 28 dias, com acréscimo de 5% do peso corporal a partir da segunda semana, enquanto que os grupos A e B não realizaram treinamento. Após este período os animais foram sacrificados, o músculo sóleo retirado e corado com Hematoxilina-eosina para avaliação morfológica. Análise de variância bifatorial, com nível de significância de 5%, foi utilizada para análise dos valores do menor diâmetro das fibras musculares. Os grupos A e B (sedentários) apresentaram padrões histológicos de normalidade. O grupo C apresentou aumento do tecido endomisial e do número de núcleos, presença de fibras fagocitadas e de contornos poligonais não mantidos, enquanto que o grupo D apresentou poucas fibras fagocitadas e de contornos poligonais preservados. Com relação à medida do menor diâmetro das fibras musculares, as análises mostraram diferenças para o fator treinamento, mas não para o fator suplementação e a interação entre eles. As alterações histológicas induzidas pelo exercício foram atenuadas no grupo suplementado com ômega-3, sugerindo um efeito protetor da suplementação, contudo, o aumento do diâmetro das fibras para os grupos expostos ao exercício está relacionado ao efeito do treinamento e não à suplementação.Palavras-chave: exercício físico, estresse oxidativo, músculo esquelético, antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórios. ABSTRACTMuscle injuries have been observed as the most frequent in sports. Considering the production of Reactive Oxygen Species as a risk factor for installation of injuries and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics of Omega-3, the objective of this study was to evaluate the histological and morphometric changes of the soleus muscle of rats that practiced swimming, associated with a diet supplemented with Omega-3. 31 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups were used, namely groups A and C supplemented with olive oil and B and D with 3g/day of Omega-3, for 4 weeks. Groups C and D were submitted to swimming for 5 days / week during 28 days, with addition of 5% of body weight from the second week on; while groups A and B did not perform training. After this period the animals were sacrificed, the soleus muscle removed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological evaluation. Bifactorial analysis of variance with significance level of 5% was used for analysis of values of smallest diameter of the muscle fibers. Groups A and B...

Supplementation with fish oil reduces morphological aspects of muscle damage induced by intense exercise in rats

“…Histological patterns of muscle damage were observed in the specimens from animals that trained without fish oil supplementation. In that study, the authors pointed out that the use of fish oil had a protective effect against muscular injuries [31]. In the same way, despite the use of different techniques, our study observed intense edema, neutrophilic inflammation and foci of necrosis in groups that performed resistance exercise and did not take fish oil.…”

“…Different from our experimental exercise model, Garcia et al [31] submitted rats for 28 days to continuous aerobic training with an overload of 5% of body weight and supplemented with fish oil. Histological analyzes of the soleus muscle of the animals supplemented with fish oil showed that the fibers had no increase in endomysial tissue, peripheral nuclei with reduced phagocytosis, and less pronounced polymorphism.…”

Antioxidant effect of the pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) on the hepatic tissue of rats trained by exhaustive swimming exercises

“…The animals of the exercise groups (G2 and G4) were subjected to 20 swimming sessions over a period of four weeks, Mondays to Fridays, between 1 pm and 5:30 pm, in two tanks containing water at 30ºC. The training program consisted of daily swimming sessions, five days per week (Garcia et al, 2010). In the first week, to adapt them to the exercise, the animals swam for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes a day.…”

Treinamento aeróbico prévio à compressão nervosa: análise da morfometria muscular de ratos

“…Moreover, iGF-1 plays an important role in the prevention of muscular atrophy, since in response to injuries, the satellite cells stimulate increase of the iGF synthesis, leading them to proliferation and differentiation, forming myoblasts which blend to generate new fibers 29 . A study developed by Garcia et al 30 , using training methodology similar to in this investigation, presented in the morphometric analysis of soleus of rats submitted to daily training that, after it, some muscle fibers presented initial and complete stages of the phagocytosis process, angular fibers, atrophic, centered nuclei and sarcolemma loss, which indicate the onset of degeneration. Although an analysis at the cellular level has not been done in this study, it is possible that it had occurred after the proposed training, added to the damage derived from the nervous comprehension.…”