Effect and mechanisms of Gong-tone music on the immunological function in rats with Liver (Gan)-qi depression and Spleen (Pi)-qi deficiency syndrome in rats

Zhang, Shuyu; Peng, Guiying; Gu, Lian; Li, Zi-Mu; Yin, Shengjun

doi:10.1007/s11655-011-0946-1

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Seven studies investigated the effects of music on immunological outcomes (see Table 4) (McCarthy et al, 1992; Nunez et al, 2002; Lu et al, 2010; Uchiyama et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2013; Kim et al, 2015; Gao et al, 2016), such as specific and non-specific immunity; cytokines and histamines; anaphylaxis; tumor growth; and post-transplantation immunity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Music exposure enhanced the numbers of lymphocytes and natural killer cells as well as the levels of T-cell proliferation and phagocytosis (McCarthy et al, 1992; Nunez et al, 2002; Zhang et al, 2013). Noise stress induced by loud rock music resulted in statistically significantly decreased production of superoxide anion and IL-1, suggestive of deprived leucocyte function (McCarthy et al, 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noise stress induced by loud rock music resulted in statistically significantly decreased production of superoxide anion and IL-1, suggestive of deprived leucocyte function (McCarthy et al, 1992). Gong tone music up-regulated plasma-cells and proliferation of T-cells in rats with deprived spleen function (Zhang et al, 2013), and music exposure significantly decreased the number of eosinophils and increased cytokine levels in asthmatic rats compared to controls (Lu et al, 2010). Mice exposed to Korean Buk music showed a statistically significantly decreased production of cytokines and histamines as well as statistically significantly lower mortality from anaphylactic shock (Kim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, music exposure possibly counteracts the adverse effects of stress and thereby enhances the immune function. Music interventions were associated with increased functions of cellular and humoral immunity, increased phagocytosis and increased production of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins (Zhang et al, 2013). In rodent cancer models, music exposure was associated with lower tumor volume and smaller area of metastasis (Nunez et al, 2002; Gao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the findings of replication studies are inconsistent (Newman et al, 1995; Rideout and Laubach, 1996; Steele et al, 1999) a firm conclusion on the Mozart-effect cannot be drawn. Most of the 12 studies investigating other types of music, including folk music such as Korean Buk music (Kim et al, 2015) or Gong tone music (Zhang et al, 2013) found statistically significant results as well, suggesting there is more to music than just the classical component. Different physiological effects were observed when playing different musical pieces, even when the music was in the same genre (Lemmer, 2008) or from roughly the same classical style (Nakamura et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Music Affects Rodents: A Systematic Review of Experimental Research

Kühlmann

Rooij

Hunink

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There is rapidly emerging interest in music interventions in healthcare. Music interventions are widely applicable, inexpensive, without side effects, and easy to use. It is not precisely known how they exert positive effects on health outcomes. Experimental studies in animal models might reveal more about the pathophysiological mechanisms of music interventions.Methods: We performed a systematic review of experimental research in rodents. The electronic databases EMBASE, Medline(ovidSP), Web-Of-Science, PsycINFO, Cinahl, PubMed publisher, Cochrane, and Google scholar were searched for publications between January 1st 1960 and April 22nd 2017. Eligible were English–written, full-text publications on experimental research in rodents comparing music vs. a control situation. Outcomes were categorized in four domains: brain structure and neuro-chemistry; behavior; immunology; and physiology. Additionally, an overview was generated representing the effects of various types of music on outcomes. Bias in studies was assessed with the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneous outcomes and lack of original outcome data.Results: Forty-two studies were included. Music-exposed rodents showed statistically significant increases in neuro-chemistry, such as higher BDNF levels, as well as an enhanced propensity for neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Furthermore, music exposure was linked with statistically significantly improved spatial and auditory learning, reduced anxiety-related behavior, and increased immune responses. Various statistically significant changes occurred in physiological parameters such as blood pressure and (para)sympathetic nerve activity following music interventions. The majority of studies investigated classical music interventions, but other types of music exerted positive effects on outcomes as well. The SYRCLE risk of bias assessment revealed unclear risk of bias in all studies.Conclusions: Music interventions seem to improve brain structure and neuro-chemistry; behavior; immunology; and physiology in rodents. Further research is necessary to explore and optimize the effect of music interventions, and to evaluate its effects in humans.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Music Affects Rodents: A Systematic Review of Experimental Research

Kühlmann

Rooij

Hunink

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A combination of depression and liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome using a rat model

Qiu

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A syndrome (Zheng in Chinese) plays a critical role in disease identification, diagnosis, and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Clinically, the liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome (LQSSDS) is one of the most common syndrome patterns. Over the past few decades, several animal models have been developed to understand the potential mechanisms of LQSSDS, but until now, simulation of the syndrome is still unclear. Recently, several studies have confirmed that an animal model combining a disease and a syndrome is appropriate for simulating TCM syndromes. Overlapping previous studies have reported that depression is highly associated with LQSSDS; hence, we attempted to develop a rat model combining depression and LQSSDS. We exposed the rats to different durations of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Subsequently, the evaluation indicators at macrolevel consisted of behavioral tests including open field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test, food intake, body weight, white adipose tissue, fecal water content, visceral hypersensitivity, and small bowel transit, and the evaluation indicators at microlevel included changes of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Serum D‐xylose absorption was used to comprehensively confirm and assess whether the model was successful during the CUMS‐induced process. The results showed that rats exposed to 6‐week CUMS procedure exhibited significantly similar traits to the phenotypes of LQSSDS and depression. This study provided a new rat model for the LQSSDS and could potentially lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of LQSSDS and the development of new drugs for this syndrome.

show abstract

Chinmedomics facilitated quality-marker discovery of Sijunzi decoction to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2019

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect and mechanisms of Gong-tone music on the immunological function in rats with Liver (Gan)-qi depression and Spleen (Pi)-qi deficiency syndrome in rats

Abstract: Gong-tone music may upregulate the immunological function and play a role in adjuvant therapy in the Chinese syndrome of LSSD.

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Music Affects Rodents: A Systematic Review of Experimental Research

Music Affects Rodents: A Systematic Review of Experimental Research

A combination of depression and liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome using a rat model

Chinmedomics facilitated quality-marker discovery of Sijunzi decoction to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About