Effect modifications of green space and blue space on heat–mortality association in Hong Kong, 2008–2017

Exploring Health Effects under Specific Causes of Mortality Based on 90 Definitions of PM2.5 and Cold Spell Combined Exposure in Shanghai, China

“…A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model (GLM) in combination with a distributed linear lag model (DLM) was applied to estimate the exposure–response association between combined events and mortality, reported as relative risk (RR), and identify the lag days of combined events . We included a cross-basis function of the combined event (as a categorical variable) in the model and a natural cubic spine for the space of lag days . The “strata” function was used for comparison between scenarios.…”

“…32 We included a cross-basis function of the combined event (as a categorical variable) in the model and a natural cubic spine for the space of lag days. 33 The "strata" function was used for comparison between scenarios. A 27-day lag period was set to capture the overall effects of combined events.…”

Future burden of humid-heat related mortality in Europe aggravated by compound day-night warming and aging

“…For summer 2022, heat-related deaths in Europe were estimated at 62,520 (95% CI: 25,547-72,726), accounting for 6.0% (5.0-6.9%) of the total summer deaths. Italy topped the list with 20,018 (17,593) heat-related deaths, followed by 10,580 in Spain (9,037-12,145), and 7,926 in France (6,529-9,355) (see Supplementary Figure . 1). Our results are in general, agreement with another recent assessment, which reported 61,672 excess heat-related deaths in Europe in the summer of 2022 27 .…”

“…By affecting the rate of sweating of the human body, relative humidity is an important factor in modulating mortality responses of mortality to heat stress. Most previous studies have estimated the change in heat-related mortality risk as a function of changes in ambient dry-bulb temperature, without considering the compounding effect of temperature and humidity 12,17,18 . Emphasizing only the influence of dry-bulb temperature on mortality is insufficient for meaningful projections, especially in the context of the increasing prevalence of humid weather.…”

“…Furthermore, studies of heat-related mortality tend to be geographically limited, often focusing on specific cities or countries [17][18][19][20][21][22] , and lacking cross-country comparisons for the whole of Europe. In short, quantitative analysis of mortality responses to humid heat and day-night compound hot extremes across Europe remains scarce.…”