Effect of a heat and moisture retaining mask on exercise induced asthma.

Stewart, Emily; Cinnamond, M. J.; Siddiqui, R.; Nicholls, D. P.; Stanford, C. F.

doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6825.479

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth or through a mask that reduces the loss of heat and moisture during physical exertion has been shown to minimize EIA. 26,27 About 40% to 50% of patients with EIA experience a refractory period after an earlier exer-cise stimulus. This protection has a half-life of about 45 minutes and dissipates over 2 to 3 hours.…”

Section: Nonpharmacologic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth or through a mask that reduces the loss of heat and moisture during physical exertion has been shown to minimize EIA. 26,27 A gradual cooling off, rather than sudden cessation of activity reduces the rate of rewarming of airways and protects against bronchospasm. 16 About 40% to 50% of patients with EIA experience a refractory period after an earlier exercise stimulus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Keeping Children With Exercise-induced Asthma Active

Milgrom

Taussig

1999

Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exercise-induced bronchospasm, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) are all terms used to describe the phenomenon of transient airflow obstruction associated with physical exertion. It is a prominent finding in children and young adults because of their greater participation in vigorous activities. The symptoms shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness, and wheezing normally follow the brief period of bronchodilation present early in the course of exercise. Bronchospasm typically arises within 10 to 15 minutes of beginning exercise, peaks 8 to 15 minutes after the exertion is concluded, and resolves about 60 minutes later, but it also may appear during sustained exertion. EIA occurs in up to 90% of asthmatics and 40% of patients with allergic rhinitis; among athletes and in the general population its prevalence is between 6% and 13%. EIA frequently goes undiagnosed. Approximately 9% of individuals with EIA have no history of asthma or allergy. Fifty percent of children with asthma who gave a negative history for EIA had a positive response to exercise challenge.6 Among high school athletes, 12% of subjects not considered to be at risk by history or baseline spirometry tested positive. Before the 1984 Olympic games, of 597 members of the US team, 67 (11%) were found to have EIA. Remarkably, only 26 had been previously identified, emphasizing the importance of screening for EIA even in well-conditioned individuals who appear to be in excellent health. The severity of bronchospasm in EIA is related to the level of ventilation, to heat and water loss from the respiratory tree, and also to the rate of airway rewarming and rehydration after the challenge. Postexercise decrease in the peak expiratory flow rate of normal children may be as much as 15%; therefore, only a decrease in excess of 15% should be viewed as diagnostic. EIA is usually provoked by a workload sufficient to produce 80% of maximum oxygen consumption; however, in severe asthmatics even minimal exertion may be enough to produce symptoms. Patients with normal lung function at rest may have severe air flow limitation induced by exercise,10 and as many as 50% of patients who are well-controlled with inhaled corticosteroids still exhibit EIA. A challenge of sufficient magnitude will provoke EIA in all patients with asthma. PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY: Exercise, unlike exposure to allergens, does not produce a long-term increase in airway reactivity. Accordingly, patients whose symptoms manifest only after strenuous activity may be treated prophylactically and do not require continuous therapy. Most asthma medications, even some unconventional ones such as heparin, furosemide, calcium channel blockers, and terfenadine, given before exercise, suppress EIA. McFadden accounts for the efficacy of these disparate classes of drugs by their potential effect on the bronchial vasculature that modulates the cooling and/or rewarming phases of the reaction. Short-acting -agonists provide protection in 80% to 95% of affected individuals wit...

show abstract

Section: Nonpharmacologic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping Children With Exercise-induced Asthma Active

Milgrom

Taussig

1999

Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A reduction in the bronchoprovocation response or development of asthma symptoms with exercise occurred with increasing relative humidity of inspired air (11)(12)(13). The use of a mask retaining heat and moisture effectively controlled exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects (14). In contrast, there have been numerous studies that associate an increase in humidity in the homes of asthmatics to increased asthma symptoms and wheezing in both adults and children (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mold sensitization and humidity upon allergic asthma

Hayes

Jhaveri

Mannino

et al. 2012

Clinical Respiratory J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(15,24) When subjects with EIA are exercise-tested under various conditions of inhaled air temperature and humidity, breathing cool, dry air produces more bronchoconstriction than breathing warm, humid air. (5,20,23,24) In most individuals, but not all (1, 3), breathing warm, humid air during exercise (5,7,24), or as a pretreatment to exercise (13), or the use of heat-and moisture-exchanging filters (17,18,19,21,22) diminishes or completely abolishes the response. Breathing cool, moist air during exercise challenge results in similar decreases in pulmonary function as when breathing warm, dry air.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

99HRT Dehydration and Asthma

Cerny¹,

Maxwell²

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public reporting burden for this colleclion of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instnjctions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and revievnng this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of infomialion, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highvray, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperworit Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington. DC 20503

show abstract

Effect of a heat and moisture retaining mask on exercise induced asthma.

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Keeping Children With Exercise-induced Asthma Active

Keeping Children With Exercise-induced Asthma Active

The effect of mold sensitization and humidity upon allergic asthma

99HRT Dehydration and Asthma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About