Effect of a mixture of bovine milk oligosaccharides, <i><scp>L</scp>actobacillus rhamnosus </i><scp>NCC</scp>4007 and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on catch‐up growth of intra‐uterine growth‐restricted rats

Tang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

The transient disruption of gut microbiota in infancy by antibiotics causes adult adiposity in mice. Accelerated postnatal growth (A) leads to a higher risk of adult metabolic syndrome in low birth-weight (LB) humans than in normal birth-weight (NB) individuals, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we set up an experiment using LB + A mice, NB + A mice, and control mice with NB and normal postnatal growth. At 24 weeks of age (adulthood), while NB + A animals had a normal body fat content and glucose tolerance compared with controls, LB + A mice exhibited excessive adiposity and glucose intolerance. In infancy, more fecal bacteria implicated in obesity were increased in LB + A pups than in NB + A pups, including Desulfovibrionaceae, Enterorhabdus, and Barnesiella. One bacterium from the Lactobacillus genus, which has been implicated in prevention of adult adiposity, was enhanced only in NB + A pups. Besides, LB + A pups, but not NB + A pups, showed disrupted gut microbiota fermentation activity. After weaning, the fecal microbiota composition of LB + A mice, but not that of NB + A animals, became similar to that of controls by 24 weeks. In infancy, LB + A mice have a more dysbiotic gut microbiome compared to NB + A mice, which might increase their risk of adult metabolic syndrome.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural alteration of gut microbiota in low-birth-weight mice undergoing accelerated postnatal growth

Tang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

“…Line studies have indicated that butyrate (SCFA produced by probiotic in colon) can reduce promoter methylation in colorectal cancer cells, and Bifidobacterium breve can reduce the expression of interleukins genes in intestinal culture model with epigenetic processes, including the enhancement of DNA methylation and the inhibition of histone acetylation. A study by Castaneda-Gutierrez et al (2014) revealed that a nutritional mixture containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus increased the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in rats, but did not have any effect on DNA methylation. In another study by Worthley et al (2009), the consumption of synbiotics supplementation was associated with the reduction in MINT2 PMR (percentage of methylated reference) within normal colorectal mucosa, but their intervention did not have any effect on other genes like CDKN2A, MINT, MINT31, MGMT, and MLH1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial on probiotic soy milk and soy milk: effects on epigenetics and oxidative stress in patients with type II diabetes

et al. 2015

This clinical trial aimed to discover the effects of probiotic soy milk and soy milk on MLH1 and MSH2 promoter methylation, and oxidative stress among type II diabetic patients. Forty patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged 35-68 years were assigned to two groups in this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group consumed 200 ml/day of probiotic soy milk containing Lactobacillus plantarum A7, while those in the control group consumed 200 ml/d of conventional soy milk for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study, respectively. Probiotic soy milk significantly decreased promoter methylation in proximal and distal MLH1 promoter region (P \ 0.01 and P \ 0.0001, respectively) compared with the baseline values, while plasma concentration of 8-hydroxy-2 0 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreased significantly compared with soy milk (P \ 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in probiotic soy milk group compared with baseline value (P \ 0.01). There were no significant changes from baseline in the promoter methylation of MSH2 within either group (P [ 0.05). The consumption of probiotic soy milk improved antioxidant status in type II diabetic patients and may decrease promoter methylation among these patients, indicating that probiotic soy milk is a promising agent for diabetes management.

“…The various nutritional interventions have been developed to optimize the growth and health of IUGR neonates [ 12 – 14 ]. Nucleotides are a group of bioactive agents playing important roles in nearly all biochemical processes, such as transferring chemical energy, biosynthetic pathways and coenzyme components [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Nucleotides Supplementation Improves the Intestinal Development and Immune Function of Neonates with Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction in a Pig Model

Che

Liu

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

The current study aimed to determine whether dietary nucleotides supplementation could improve growth performance, intestinal development and immune function of intra-uterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonate using pig as animal model. A total of 14 pairs of normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR piglets (7 days old) were randomly assigned to receive a milk-based control diet (CON diet) or diet supplemented with nucleotides (NT diet) for a period of 21 days. Blood samples, intestinal tissues and digesta were collected at necropsy and analyzed for morphology, digestive enzyme activities, microbial populations, peripheral immune cells, expression of intestinal innate immunity and barrier-related genes and proteins. Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets had significantly lower average daily dry matter intake and body weight gain (P<0.05). Moreover, IUGR markedly decreased the villous height and villi: crypt ratio in duodenum (P<0.05), as well as the maltase activity in jejunum (P<0.05). In addition, IUGR significantly decreased the serum concentrations of IgA, IL-1βand IL-10 (P<0.05), as well as the percentage of peripheral lymphocytes (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the down-regulation of innate immunity-related genes such as TOLLIP (P<0.05), TLR-9 (P = 0.08) and TLR-2 (P = 0.07) was observed in the ileum of IUGR relative to NBW piglets. Regardless of birth weight, however, feeding NT diet markedly decreased (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio, increased the villous height in duodenum (P<0.05), activities of lactase and maltase in jejunum (P<0.05), count of peripheral leukocytes (P<0.05), serum concentrations of IgA and IL-1β as well as gene expressions of TLR-9, TLR-4 and TOLLIP in ileum (P<0.05). In addition, expressions of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1 and ZO-1) in ileum were markedly increased by feeding NT diet relative to CON diet (P<0.05). These results indicated that IUGR impaired growth performance, intestinal and immune function, but dietary nucleotides supplementation improved nutrients utilization, intestinal function and immunity.