Effect of a probiotic fermented milk on the thymus in Balb/c mice under non-severe protein–energy malnutrition

Núñez, Ivanna Novotny; Galdeano, Carolina Maldonado; Carmuega, Estéban; Weill, R; LeBlanc, Alejandra de Moreno de; Perdigón, Gabriela

doi:10.1017/s0007114512005302

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thymus histology was recovery after yogurt supplementation, being probiotic yogurt more effective, showing a similar structure to the normal control. This effect was observed previously with other probiotic milk [25]. Low fat milk supplementation did not have effect on thymus histology.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Yogurt With or Without Probiotic Addition on Body Composition Changes and Immune System in an Obese Model

Maldonado-Galdeano¹

2017

FSN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Yogurt is a dairy product made by milk fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Probiotic bacteria are added to conventional yogurt in order to boost benefits on the consumer health.In present work we studied in an obese mouse model the effect of the yogurt or probiotic yogurt supplementation to the diet on body weight, in biochemical parameters and in the thymus and intestinal immune system improvement. Adult mice received conventional balanced diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with milk, conventional yogurt or probiotic yogurt over 60 d. The body weight and biochemical parameters in serum (glucose, total LDL and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) were determined. Small intestine and thymus histology were analyzed. The changes in the gut microbiota, the possible translocation to internal organs and the levels of IgA and cytokines were also investigated. Probiotic yogurt was the most effective supplement for decreasing body weight and normalizing biochemical parameters in serum and in the improvement of small intestine and thymus histology. The gut microbiota showed increased bifidobacteria and recovered the balance of Enterobacteria population in obese mice given probiotic yogurt without translocation to internal organs, showing increases in IgA+ cells and cytokine production in gut. The present study demonstrated the safety and useful of yogurt consumption in obese host, benefiting mainly the innate mucosal immunity, biochemical parameters, intestine and thymus histology. These results allows advance in the research about the influence of functional foods on the thymus cells activity, which play a key role in the immune response.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Yogurt With or Without Probiotic Addition on Body Composition Changes and Immune System in an Obese Model

Maldonado-Galdeano¹

2017

FSN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The authors also observed a decrease in the cellular apoptosis of this organ and a recovery of the CD4 + and CD8 + single-positive thymocytes. Besides, an increase in different cytokines in the thymus of the mice fed with PFM was also reported [78].…”

Section: Mechanisms Induced By Probiotics To Stimulate the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…These antibodies have been shown to play a critical role in decreasing the spread of pathogenic bacteria to the liver and the spleen after a challenge with S. typhimurium. This effect has shown to be more remarkable in an undernourishment model [78].…”

Section: Mechanisms Induced By Probiotics To Stimulate the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Hence, malnutrition becomes a good model to study the probiotic impact on the host's health. On an undernourishment mice model, the administration of PFM as a re-nutrition diet reconstituted the intestinal mucosa architecture and stimulated local and systemic immunity [78]. Considering the fact that malnutrition causes a significant impairment of the immune system, and the thymus being one of the most affected organs, thymus histology restoration by probiotic consumption becomes relevant.…”

Section: Mechanisms Induced By Probiotics To Stimulate the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Galdeano¹,

Cazorla²,

Dumit³

et al. 2019

Ann Nutr Metab

Self Cite

548

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems that plays a crucial role in the working of the mucosal immune system (MIS). In this ecosystem, the consumed probiotics stimulate the immune system and induce a network of signals mediated by the whole bacteria or their cell wall structure. This review is aimed at describing the immunological mechanisms of probiotics and their beneficial effects on the host. Summary: Once administered, oral probiotic bacteria interact with the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) or immune cells associated with the lamina propria, through Toll-like receptors, and induce the production of different cytokines or chemokines. Macrophage chemoattractant protein 1, produced by the IECs, sends signals to other immune cells leading to the activation of the MIS, characterized by an increase in immunoglobulin A⁺ cells of the intestine, bronchus and mammary glands, and the activation of T cells. Specifically, probiotics activate regulatory T cells that release IL-10. Interestingly, probiotics reinforce the intestinal barrier by an increase of the mucins, the tight junction proteins and the Goblet and Paneth cells. Another proposed mechanism of probiotics is the modulation of intestinal microbiota by maintaining the balance and suppressing the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that long-term probiotics consumption does not affect the intestinal homeostasis. The viability of probiotics is crucial in the interaction with IECs and macrophages favoring, mainly, the innate immune response. Macrophages and Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in this immune response without inducing an inflammatory pattern, just a slight increase in the cellularity of the lamina propria. Besides, as part of the machinery that probiotics activate to protect against different pathogens, an increase in the microbicidal activity of peritoneal and spleen macrophages has been reported. In malnutrition models, such as undernourishment and obesity, probiotic was able to increase the intestinal and systemic immune response. Furthermore, probiotics contribute to recover the histology of both the intestine and the thymus damaged in these conditions. Probiotic bacteria are emerging as a safe and natural strategy for allergy prevention and treatment. Different mechanisms such as the generation of cytokines from activated pro-T-helper type 1, which favor the production of IgG instead of IgE, have been proposed. Key Messages: Probiotic bacteria, their cell walls or probiotic fermented milk have significant effects on the functionality of the mucosal and systemic immune systems through the activation of multiple immune mechanisms.

show abstract

“…In this context, Cani et al (16) reported that changes in gut microbiota (following a high-fat diet or genetically induced obesity) contribute to increased gut permeability, metabolic endotoxemia [higher serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels], and low-grade inflammation-induced metabolic disorders (insulin resistance and diabetes), while its restoration by prebiotic and probiotic strategies ameliorate those adverse effects. Potential probiotic strains have been shown to play a role in nutritional disorders, including both under and overnutrition in human and animal studies (17–25). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria Differentially Modulate the Profile of Adipokines In Vitro

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity induces local/systemic inflammation accompanied by increases in macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and hormones. Previous studies have shown that probiotics could improve the intestinal dysbiosis induced by metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Microorganisms could (directly or indirectly) affect adipokine levels due to their capacity to induce translocation of several intestinal microbial antigens into systemic circulation, which could lead to metabolic endotoxemia or produce immunomodulation in different organs. The aim of the present study was to select non-inflammatory lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with the capacity to modulate adipokine secretion by the adipose tissue. We wish to elucidate the role of potential probiotic strains in the regulation of the cross talking between immune cells such as macrophages and adipose cells. Mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used for evaluating the ability of 14 LAB strains to induce cytokine production. The LAB strains were chosen based on their previously studied beneficial properties in health. Then, in murine adipocyte culture and macrophage–adipocyte coculture, we determined the ability of these strains to induce cytokines and leptin secretion. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and leptin levels were measured in cell supernatants. We also performed the detection and quantification of leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) expression in macrophage cell lines stimulated by these LAB strains. Differential secretion profile of cytokines in macrophage cells induced by LAB strains was observed. Also, the levels of Ob-Rb expression diverged among different LAB strains. In LAB-stimulated coculture cells (adipocytes and macrophages), we observed differential production of leptin and cytokines. Furthermore, we detected lower production levels in single culture than cocultured cells. The principal component analysis showed an association between the four clusters of strains established according to their inflammatory profiles and leptin adipocyte production and leptin receptor expression in macrophages. We conclude that coculture is the most appropriate system for selecting strains with the ability to modulate adipokine secretion. The use of microorganisms with low and medium inflammatory properties and ability to modulate leptin levels could be a strategy for the treatment of some metabolic diseases associated with dysregulation of immune response.

show abstract

Effect of a probiotic fermented milk on the thymus in Balb/c mice under non-severe protein–energy malnutrition

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Yogurt With or Without Probiotic Addition on Body Composition Changes and Immune System in an Obese Model

Effect of Yogurt With or Without Probiotic Addition on Body Composition Changes and Immune System in an Obese Model

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Specific Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria Differentially Modulate the Profile of Adipokines In Vitro

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About