Effect of a ripple current on the efficiency of a PEM electrolyser

Buitendach, Henning; Gouws, Rupert; Martinson, Christiaan; Minnaar, Carel; Bessarabov, Dmitri

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100216

Cited by 44 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This topology achieves great energy efficiency at a low cost with simple control. However, it exhibits high harmonic and reactive power losses that increase the specific energy consumption of the PEM electrolyzer [6,7,8].…”

Section: A) Rectifier Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results showed the cell area should be up to five times higher for a 12-pulse thyristor at low load currents to achieve the same specific energy consumption as compared to an ideal DC power supply. Buitendach [8] conducted a similar study for a 6-pulse thyristor and found that high ripple factors lead to an increase in power consumption while the hydrogen production remains unaffected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrolyzer Degradation-Power Electronics One -Way Interaction Model

Mohamed¹,

Keddar²,

Conceicao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The water electrolysis process requires a high DC current supply that can sustain the desired hydrogen production rate over a large period of operation at a competitive cost. During the conversion of electricity from AC to DC, power quality may be affected because of the non-linear effect caused by the power electronics. Most of the recent research has focused on exploring different rectifier topologies. None of them have investigated the influence of cell stack degradation on the performance of power electronics. In this work, we built a one-way interaction model to predict the influence of electrolyzer degradation on power electronics output over multiscale operational time (from milliseconds to years) for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEM). In this model, we assume a constant degradation rate on the electrolyzer that results in a linear increase of internal resistance over time. Counterintuitively, rather than the power quality decreasing, results show that the power quality increased with the electrolyzer degradation for both the AC (power factor and THD) and DC side (ripple) for the 6-pulse thyristor. Furthermore, the influence of three variables (degradation rate, load current, and topology) on AC (power factor and THD) and DC (ripple factor) side power output were investigated. Finally, results were partially validated with experimental data from a 20 MW scale PEM electrolyzer.

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Section: A) Rectifier Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyzer Degradation-Power Electronics One -Way Interaction Model

Mohamed¹,

Keddar²,

Conceicao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, running under such variations may have an impact on the component efficiency and durability. Buitendach et al demonstrated that power consumption rises when the ripple factor is increased for any waveform [15]. On the contrary, Frensch et al observed performance enhancement during 500 h of fast cycling operation due to a decrease in ohmic resistance but also showed potential degradation [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various topologies have already been tested for this purpose [23,24]. Ripple currents, topologies, and control strategies have a direct impact on the efficiency and power quality of electrolysis systems [15,23,[25][26][27]. However, these studies have not taken into account possible longterm degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Power Converter Current Ripple on the Degradation of PEM Electrolyzer Performances

et al. 2022

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In this study, an endurance test of 3000 h was conducted on four equivalent proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers to identify and quantify the impact of an electric ripple current on their durability. Three different typical power converter waveforms and frequencies were explored. Signals were added to the same direct current carrier and also tested for reference. Performance comparison based on polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed that the ripple current favors degradation. Triangular waveform and a frequency of 10 kHz were identified as the most degrading conditions, leading to a sharp increase in high-frequency resistance (HFR) and the emergence of mass transport limitations due to the enhanced degradation of titanium mesh. Moreover, reversible losses were observed and further explorations are needed to decorrelate them from our observations.

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“…Several studies have looked at the adverse impacts of AC ripple on ESSs. Authors in [6]- [10] have reported that current ripples on FC systems significantly increase losses, resulting in fuel waste and a considerable reduction in FCs durability and lifespan. Specifically, the work in [11] reported shown that by reducing the ripple from 24.3% to 9.9%, the efficiency of an FC system increases by around 2%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ripple-Free Multiphase Interleaved Stacked Converter for High-Power Applications

Alharbi

Dahidah

Ali

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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A novel control technique that guarantees a ripple-free output current and voltage of a DC-DC multiphase staked interleaved converter is proposed. The conventional multiphase interleaved converters have been extensively used in various applications. However, ripple cancellation in these converters solely depends on the number of phases and can only be achieved at specific duty cycles. On the other hand, wide-range and ripple-free output are important paramount features for many modern applications. Therefore, the presented converter aims to combine the advantages of both the multiphase interleaved and the stacked converters into a single-unit converter suitable for high-power applications. Ripple-free output current/voltage is always guaranteed regardless of the number of phases and duty cycle values. This feature is accomplished by adding a fractionally-rated phase-leg to the conventional multiphase interleaved converter and modulating it with the proposed control approach. The Configurable Logic Block (CLB), a state-of-the-art tool developed by Texas Instruments, is utilized to reduce the hardware size of the entire conversion system while increasing its speed and flexibility. Extensive simulation studies are carried out to confirm the functionality of the proposed control scheme. A laboratory porotype is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method experimentally. With only a few more components, significant reductions in output ripples are achieved. 1

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Effect of a ripple current on the efficiency of a PEM electrolyser

Cited by 44 publications

References 54 publications

Electrolyzer Degradation-Power Electronics One -Way Interaction Model

Electrolyzer Degradation-Power Electronics One -Way Interaction Model

Impact of Power Converter Current Ripple on the Degradation of PEM Electrolyzer Performances

Ripple-Free Multiphase Interleaved Stacked Converter for High-Power Applications

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