Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on oxidative stress, inflammation, MMP-9, and monocyte chemotactic activity in men with metabolic syndrome factors

Abstract

Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on oxidative stress, inflammation, MMP-9, and monocyte chemotactic activity in men with metabolic syndrome factors. J Appl Physiol 100: 1657-1665, 2006. First published December 15, 2005 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01292.2005.-The present study was designed to examine the effects of lifestyle modification on key contributing factors to atherogenesis, including oxidative stress, inflammation, chemotaxis, and cell adhesion. Obese men (n ϭ 31), 15 of whom had metabolic syndrome, were placed on a high-fiber, low-fat diet in a 3-wk residential program where food was provided ad libitum and daily aerobic exercise was performed. In each subject, pre-and postintervention fasting blood was drawn for circulating levels of serum lipids, glucose and insulin (for estimation of insulin sensitivity), oxidative stress-generating enzyme myeloperoxidase and marker 8-isoprostaglandin F2␣, the inflammatory protein C-reactive protein, soluble ICAM-1 as an indicator of endothelial activation, sP-selectin as a marker of platelet activation, the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1␣, and total matrix metalloproteinase-9. Using subject sera and human aortic endothelial cell culture systems, we measured VCAM-1 cell surface abundance and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, nitric oxide, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide production in vitro by fluorometric detection. Also determined in vitro was serum-induced, monocyte adhesion and monocyte chemotactic activity. After 3 wk, significant reductions (P Ͻ 0.05) in body mass index, all serum lipids and lipid ratios, fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, myeloperoxidase, 8-isoprostaglandin F2␣, C-reactive protein, soluble ICAM-1, soluble P-selectin, macrophage inflammatory protein-1␣, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were noted. In vitro, serumstimulated cellular VCAM-1 expression, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production, and fluorometric detection of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production decreased, whereas a concomitant increase in NO production was noted (all P Ͻ 0.01). Additionally, both monocyte adhesion (P Ͻ 0.05) and MCA (P Ͻ 0.01) decreased. Nine of 15 were no longer positive for metabolic syndrome postintervention. Intensive lifestyle modification may ameliorate novel coronary artery disease risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome factors before reversal of obesity.atherosclerosis; lipids; cell adhesion molecules; nitric oxide; matrix metalloproteinase-9 ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE IS the leading cause of mortality in developed countries, with coronary artery disease (CAD) being the number one killer of both men and women. Early epidemiological and clinical studies established a link between dietary saturated fat and cholesterol, serum cholesterol, and CAD mortality (28). The Framingham Heart Study and Multiple-Risk Factor Intervention Trial Study emphasized the relationship between serum cholesterol, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and CAD (9). Although serum lip...

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Augmentation Index are Reduced with an 8-Week Green-Exercise Walking Programme

“…Previous reports have linked exercise to reductions in MMP-9 levels, but have been limited to resistance training programmes in men only or exerciseplus-diet interventions in men with metabolic syndrome and children with atherosclerotic risk factors [24][25][26]. Similarly, Kadaglou et al demonstrated that in a diabetic population, a 16-week exercise programme resulted in decreased plasma levels of MMP-9 [27].…”

Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults

“…By comparison, for example, of 855 enrolled participants in the HERITAGE study,8 652 had complete data; that is, the rate of missing data was 23.7%. Reports of other trials, many of them smaller, also report equivalent or higher rates of missing data68, 69, 70 or fail to report them at all 18, 71, 72, 73, 74. These studies suggest that the rate of missing data in our trial was typical for exercise training trials.…”

Postprandial oxidative stress is modulated by dietary fat in adipose tissue from elderly people

“…Moreover, the importance of studying the postprandial state also lies in the fact that because of current dietary habits, modern humans spend most of the time in the postprandial state (de Koning and Rabelink 2002). Additionally, oxidative stress modulation by diet (Roberts et al 2002;Roberts et al 2006), may be the mechanism by which, at least partially, dietary fat may affect the development of MetS, since it has been shown that oxidative stress may be responsible for the development of MetS (Palmieri et al 2006;Furukawa et al 2004).…”

“…Thus, the modulation of oxidative stress by fat composition (Roberts et al 2002;Roberts et al 2006) may be the mechanism by which, at least partially, dietary fat could affect MetS development.…”