Effect of Acid Inhibition on Gastric Endocrine Cells

Clofibrate raises human 24 h intragastric acidity but does not affect plasma gastrin concentration.

“…Drugs which have an anti-secretory action in the stomach raise the plasma gastrin concentration, and in turn they may induce ECL cell hyperplasia and gastric carcinoids (Arnold et al, 1986;Blom, 1986;Harleman et al, 1987;Hirth, 1987;Penston & Wormsley, 1987;Strett et al, 1987). A druginduced rise of plasma gastrin concentration was thought to be the cause of the carcinoids observed in the ciprofibrate-dosed rats (Eason et al, 1988c), rather than a direct effect of the drug.…”

Antral Gastrin and Somatostatin Cell Populations in Rats after Chronic Administration of Histamine

“…Gastrin and somatostatin cell numbers may vary in experimental conditions [2, 3, 7, 9, 11-13, 15, 18] and in human disease [4,5,8,22], Two mechanisms may be involved in the production of new entero-endocrine cells [27]: mitotic division of preexisting cells [7,9,17,18] or differentiation of immature pre cursor cells of the antrum into entero-endo crine cells [10,14]. Our knowledge of the factors inducing this entero-endocrine cell hypo-or hyperplasia is still incomplete.…”

“…A high antral pH [23] tends to stimulate gastrin release, whereas a low antral pH is inhibitory [6], On the other hand intragastric instillation of acid stimu lates antral somatostatin release [21], Significant arguments in favour of the hypothesis that gastric acidity may also in fluence the size of G and D cell populations have been forwarded [5]. When the antral pH is high G cell density increases and D cell density decreases, whereas the inverse is ob served with chronic acid hypersecretion [4,5].…”

“…A high antral pH [23] tends to stimulate gastrin release, whereas a low antral pH is inhibitory [6], On the other hand intragastric instillation of acid stimu lates antral somatostatin release [21], Significant arguments in favour of the hypothesis that gastric acidity may also in fluence the size of G and D cell populations have been forwarded [5]. When the antral pH is high G cell density increases and D cell density decreases, whereas the inverse is ob served with chronic acid hypersecretion [4,5]. Indeed, in conditions with a decreased acid secretion like in pernicious anaemia [4,8] The opposite effect has been described in gastric hypersecretion due to a ZollingerEllison syndrome, where a decrease in G cell and increase in D cell density reduce the G/D cell ratio [4],…”

“…Contro versial data indicate that factors other than acidity may be involved. Prolonged adminis tration of pirenzepin [15], oxmetidine [5], magaldrat [5], or exclusion of the antrum [2] have been found to decrease the antral G cell number. Recently, administration of bombe sin was shown to stimulate both acid secre tion and gastrin cell proliferation [18].…”