Effect of aerobic exercise on insulin resistance and central adiposity disappeared after the discontinuation of intervention in overweight women

Abstract

PurposeThis study aimed to assess whether the benefits of exercise on central adiposity and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are maintained after discontinuation of intervention in the overweight/obese (OWOB) women.MethodsThe study subjects were from 2 independent studies with similar aerobic exercise (AE) intervention programs. In study I, 15 OWOB postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes (body mass index, BMI = 24–33 kg/m2, aged 52–65 years) completed an 8-month exercise intervention and were followed for 2 years after the intervention. In study II, 12 OWOB (BMI = 25–35 kg/m2, aged 30–50 years) premenopausal women participated in a 6-week AE and were followed for 4 years after the intervention. The exercise program consisted of progressive AE with intensity of 60%–75% of initial fitness level, 30–60 min/time and 3–5 times/week. Fat mass (FM) was assessed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA Prodigy; study I) or bioelectrical impedance device (Inbody 720; study II). Plasma glucose and insulin were assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay and HOMA-IR was calculated.ResultsBoth 8-month and 6-week moderate AE were effective in reducing HOMA-IR (−18.9%, p = 0.012 and −26.7%, p = 0.046, respectively), and 8-month AE reduced FM at upper abdominal region (−6.2%, p = 0.021). However, these improvements were not maintained in either study at the follow-up.ConclusionThe AE program used in these studies was effective to reduce insulin resistance and/or FM in central body region among overweight and obese women. However, when exercise intervention was discontinued, the beneficial effects following both short- and long-term intervention disappeared. Thus maintaining exercise seems to be required if one wants to reap the benefits of exercise in the long-term.

The Effect of 12 Weeks of Bariatric and Aerobic Exercises on Metabolic Syndrome Indices in Women

“…Based on the obtained data, 12 weeks of aerobic and bariatric exercises resulted in a significant decrease in serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index. These results are consistent with the findings of Mo-tahari et al and Le et al [24,25]. However, they are inconsistent with the study of Medeiros et al [26].…”

“…They concluded that aerobic exercise decreased plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index. Le et al reported that implementation of 8-month and 6-week aerobic exercises for 30 to 60 minutes with an intensity of 60-75% of maximal oxygen consumption in every exercise led to an 18.9% decrease in insulin resistance in postmenopausal women aged 52-65 years [24]. Medeiros et al reported that the simultaneous implementation of aerobic exercises with an intensity of 50-75% of maximal oxygen consumption and the strength exercises with an intensity of 50 to 75% of repetition maximum increased insulin resistance in 25 obese volunteers [26].…”

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of 12 Weeks of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Exercises Training on the Serum Levels of Nesfatin-1, Irisin-1 and HOMA-IR

“…Moreover, another study reported that the reduction in nesfatin-1 induced by a high-fat diet is suppressed by the running wheel in mice (Chaolu et al, 2011 ). Nesfatin-1 reduces blood glucose by activating AMP-activated protein kinase, up-regulating the phosphorylation of protein kinase B in the pancreas, and by increasing the glucose transporter-4 membrane translocation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that in turn improves insulin sensitivity (Le et al, 2016 ). In line with our findings, a study suggested that nesfatin-1, weight, and fat percentage are likely to be improved significantly in response to a long-term exercise (Yazici, 2015 ).…”

Physical activity continuum throughout the lifespan: Is exercise medicine or what?

“…In the final paper of this special issue, Dr. Lijuan Mao and colleagues 9 provide 2 examples that the effects of exercise vanish if exercise is not maintained. In an 8-month moderate aerobic exercise program in pre-diabetic women, the intervention was effective in reducing fat mass and insulin resistance.…”