Effect of Age and Cigarette Smoking on Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels

Alexander, John C.; Silverman, Norman A.; Chretien, Paul B.

doi:10.1001/jama.1976.03260440027017

Cited by 126 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These results are in close agreement with other studies [16]. Moreover both age and smoking history are found to influence the evaluation of CEA levels [17,18] (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Diagnostic Role of Tumour Markers CEA, CA15-3, CA19-9 and CA125 in Lung Cancer

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield of the tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 15-3, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 125, in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a group of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected in a group of 90 patients with benign or malignant pulmonary diseases. After appropriate processing, tumour markers were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The diagnostic yields (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) in each environment (serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) were obtained by using ''Receivers operating characteristic'' curve. Determined individually, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 125, showed the greatest diagnostic accuracy in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 did so in serum. Carcinoembryonic antigen was the most relevant marker in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. For the factors evaluated in this study, determination of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 125 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were clinically more useful markers in comparison with serum, although the latter may also be helpful in certain situations. Although there is no specific tumour marker for lung cancer, the combination of several can be used to diagnose most patients with lung cancer and also to rule out false positive and negative cases.

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“…These results are in close agreement with other studies [16]. Moreover both age and smoking history are found to influence the evaluation of CEA levels [17,18] (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Diagnostic Role of Tumour Markers CEA, CA15-3, CA19-9 and CA125 in Lung Cancer

et al. 2012

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“…Smoking history and serum CEA level were found to be associated with each other (P ¼ .0003; data not shown) in the current study as well as in previous studies. 44,45 CEA reflects the degree of malignancy or progression of the disease, and the association between CEA and smoking with CA IX expression is conceivable. CA IX expression by CAFs was found to be predictive of reduced overall survival in the pathologic N0 cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance of carbonic anhydrase IX expression by cancer‐associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma

Nakao

Ishii

Nagai

et al. 2009

Cancer

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The physical aging of the epoxy network consisting of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, m‐xylylenediamine, and polyetherimide was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature and the variation of the specific heat capacities have been calculated using the method, based on the intersection of both enthalpy–temperature lines for glassy and liquid states. The apparent activation energy (EH) was calculated using a single method that involved separate temperature and excess enthalpy dependency. All calorimetric data were compared with those obtained for the epoxy network without thermoplastic. thermoplastic. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3931–3935, 2006

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“…In addition, it has been reported to be elevated even in some healthy individuals, such as in the elderly or smokers, the difference up to approximately 3 ng/ml was shown, and it decreased to lower than 5 ng/ml within 3 to 6 months upon quitting smoking (15). And thus, considering up to 5 ng/ml as a normal range, the false positive rate in normal smokers has been reported to be 5% (14,15). Therefore, it has been known that the result value of serum CEA test Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, serum CEA is elevated in cases with alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis (13), and it also has been known to be elevated in benign diseases, for example, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, ulcerative colitis, gastric ulcer, atrophic gastritis (14). In addition, it has been reported to be elevated even in some healthy individuals, such as in the elderly or smokers, the difference up to approximately 3 ng/ml was shown, and it decreased to lower than 5 ng/ml within 3 to 6 months upon quitting smoking (15). And thus, considering up to 5 ng/ml as a normal range, the false positive rate in normal smokers has been reported to be 5% (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%