Effect of Age on Characteristics of Forward and Backward Gait at Preferred and Accelerated Walking Speed

Laufer, Yocheved

doi:10.1093/gerona/60.5.627

Cited by 138 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The studies reported here define negative geotaxis in Drosophila as a climbing behavior that decreases with age due to reduced speed of locomotion. Since age-related reductions in walking speed are also observed in humans (Oberg et al 1993;Bohannon 1997;Kozakai et al 2000;McGibbon and Krebs 2001;Samson et al 2001;Laufer 2005), our studies highlight the conserved effects of age on locomotor function in humans and flies. It will be intriguing to further investigate genetic mechanisms that influence senescence of negative geotaxis in Drosophila and explore whether these mechanisms play a role in locomotor senescence in other species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…One of the hallmarks of locomotor senescence in elderly individuals is a decrease in walking speed (Oberg et al 1993;Bohannon 1997;Kozakai et al 2000;McGibbon and Krebs 2001;Samson et al 2001;Laufer 2005). Importantly, age-related reduction in walking speed in the elderly population is correlated with walking impairment (Brach et al 2007) and is associated with increased risk of several co-morbidities and death (Hardy et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, age-related locomotor impairment is associated with increased risk for falling and skeletal fractures as well as a variety of co-morbidities including coronary artery/cerebrovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension (Boyd et al 2005;Hillsdon et al 2005;Onder et al 2005;Volpato et al 2005;Cesari et al 2006a;Cesari et al 2006b). Interestingly, one of the key features of locomotor senescence in the elderly population is reduced speed of walking (Oberg et al 1993;Bohannon 1997;Kozakai et al 2000;McGibbon and Krebs 2001;Samson et al 2001;Laufer 2005).Geriatric individuals with reduced walking speed have the greatest locomotor impairment (Brach et al 2007) and consequently are at greater risk for several co-morbidities and death (Woo et al 1999;Hardy et al 2007). Age-related locomotor impairments and reduced walking speed are therefore significant clinical challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and environmental factors impact age-related impairment of negative geotaxis in Drosophila by altering age-dependent climbing speed

Rhodenizer

Martin

Bhandari

et al. 2008

Experimental Gerontology

117

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Age-related locomotor impairment in humans is important clinically because it is associated with several co-morbidities and increased risk of death. One of the hallmarks of age-related locomotor impairment in humans is a decrease in walking speed with age. Genetically tractable model organisms such as Drosophila are essential for delineating mechanisms underlying age-related locomotor impairment and age-related decreases in locomotor speed. Negative geotaxis, the ability of flies to move vertically when startled, is a common measure of locomotor behavior that declines with age in Drosophila. Toward further developing Drosophila as a model for age-related locomotor impairment, we investigated whether negative geotaxis reflects climbing or a combination of climbing and other behaviors such as flying and jumping. Additionally, we investigated whether locomotor speed in negative geotaxis assays declines with age in flies as found for walking speed in humans. We find that the vast majority of flies climb during negative geotaxis assays and that removal of hind legs, but not wings, impairs the behavior. We also find that climbing speed decreases with age in four wild type genetic backgrounds, in flies housed at different temperatures, and in control and long-lived flies harboring a mutation in OR83b. The decreases in climbing speed correlate with the age-related impairments in the distance climbed. These studies establish negative geotaxis in Drosophila as a climbing behavior that declines with age due to a decrease in climbing speed. Agerelated decreases in locomotor speed are common attributes of locomotor senescence in flies and humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic and environmental factors impact age-related impairment of negative geotaxis in Drosophila by altering age-dependent climbing speed

Rhodenizer

Martin

Bhandari

et al. 2008

Experimental Gerontology

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This can be done through the quantification of the same parameters used in assessment scales, like the time to complete the test in TUGT (see [7]), quantification of mobility or gait parameters associated with fall risk (cf. [55], [56], [57], [58] and [59]) or using machine learning techniques, with the ground truth provided by clinically accepted scales (cf. [47], [32], [48], [6] and as suggested in [50]).…”

Section: Recent Studies On Fall Risk Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several measures can be quantified during gait from accelerometer signal, which include gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, step time, stride time, swing time and double support time [56,58,67], using the informations from peak detection algorithms [78].…”

Section: Gait Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phone Based Fall Risk Prediction

Guimar�ães

Teixeira

Monteiro

et al. 2012

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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Falls in older people can represent serious individual and socioeconomic problems. With the increasing number of older people in the population, management of falls is becoming a challenge.It is now recognized that several risk factors for falling can be identified, and specific interventions can be designed in order to reduce those risks. Several tools were then developed and are now available to screen for fall risk. However, these tools are applied with low frequency, usually requiring the use of expensive equipments that can only be manipulated by experts. This poses some constraints on the prevention of falls, since when these techniques are applied, it can be too late.In order to improve the earlier detection of risks and the application of fall prevention strategies, new community based solutions must be developed. In this project, the mobile phone was purposed as a potential instrument to perform fall risk screening. Several strategies were then evaluated to be adapted to the phone for fall risk screening purposes.Phone's inertial sensors were used to extract some parameters of gait that were related with an increased risk of falling. Foot contacts, gait phases, step length, step duration, walking velocity and variability parameters could then be determined from sensors data. Acceptable measures of step length and walking velocity could be obtained. Additionally, other risk factors were selected to be assessed by self-report, using some clinical scales/questionnaires.Results suggest that phone can be used as a major strategy to improve fall prevention, being a great value for older persons and society.i ii ResumoUma queda num idoso pode resultar em graves problemas individuais e socioeconómicos. Com o aumento do número de idosos na população, a gestão de quedas está a tornar-se um desafio.Actualmente, é possível identificar vários factores de risco para a ocorrência de quedas bem como reduzir esses riscos, através da aplicação da aplicação de intervenções especí-ficas. Nesse sentido, há já algumas ferramentas actualmente disponíveis para avaliar o risco de queda. Estas ferramentas no entanto usadas com baixa frequência, exigindo o uso de equipamentos caros que apenas podem ser manipulados por pessoas qualificadas. Muitas vezes, estas técnicas podem já ser aplicadas tarde demais.Para que a detecção dos riscos e a aplicação de estratégias de prevenção de quedas possa ser feita mais precocemente, é necessário o desenvolvimento de novas soluções dirigidas à população. Neste projecto, foi proposto o uso do telemóvel para a detecção do risco de queda nos idosos.Os sinais dos sensores do telemóvel foram utilizados para extrair parâmetros da marcha relacionados com um risco de queda aumentado. A partir deles, os contactos do pé com o chão, as fases da marcha, o tamanho e duração dos passos, a velocidade e parâmetros que quantificam a variabilidade da marcha puderam ser determinados. Medidas aceitáveis do tamanho dos passos e da velocidade foram obtidas. Adicionalmente, outros factores de risco foram sele...

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A reassessment of sexual dimorphism in human senescence: Theory, evidence, and causation

2006

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Age-specific mortality rates of men are higher than those of women, and men have shorter average life spans than women. This has been interpreted as evidence of sexual dimorphism in rates of senescence. However, because mortality can be caused by numerous factors in addition to senescence, higher mortality rates do not necessarily indicate more rapid senescence. In this paper, we (1) emphasize the necessity of decoupling mortality and senescence when considering sexual dimorphism in senescence, (2) present a theoretical framework for the hypothesis that selection affects senescence in human males and females differently due to different life history characteristics, (3) consider phenotypic evidence from the literature that human males show a later onset of senescence than human females, despite exhibiting higher mortality rates, and (4) discuss the potential roles of mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropy in the evolution of sexual dimorphism in senescence.

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Effect of Age on Characteristics of Forward and Backward Gait at Preferred and Accelerated Walking Speed

Abstract: Elderly persons demonstrate difficulties in walking backward, with stride length particularly affected. These difficulties must be considered when using backward ambulation for rehabilitation of elderly persons.

Cited by 138 publications

References 31 publications

Genetic and environmental factors impact age-related impairment of negative geotaxis in Drosophila by altering age-dependent climbing speed

Genetic and environmental factors impact age-related impairment of negative geotaxis in Drosophila by altering age-dependent climbing speed

Phone Based Fall Risk Prediction

A reassessment of sexual dimorphism in human senescence: Theory, evidence, and causation

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