“…[5][6][7] Zirconia ceramics have been investigated extensively for their excellent fracture toughness, strength, as well as other intrinsic physical and chemical properties including hardness, wear resistance, low coefficient of friction and thermal conductivity, and so on. 8 Concerning ZrO 2 -based ceramics, the most attractive application was in the fields of general ceramics, [8][9][10] electrolytes or fuel cells, 11,12 as well as the films or thermal barrier coatings. 13,14 In particular, the most dramatic increase in the industrial applicability of ZrO 2 has been brought about by the discovery of the stress-induced phase transformation toughening from tetragonal to monoclinic phase.…”