Effect of Amelogenin Coating of a Nano-Modified Titanium Surface on Bioactivity

Abstract

The interactions between implants and host tissues depend on several factors. In particular, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the surface texture of an implant influences the response of the surrounding cells. The purpose of this study is to develop new implant materials aiming at the regeneration of periodontal tissues as well as hard tissues by coating nano-modified titanium with amelogenin, which is one of the main proteins contained in Emdogain®. We confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance evaluation that amelogenin is easy to adsorb onto the nano-modified titanium surface as a coating. Scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed that amelogenin coated the nano-modified titanium surface following alkali-treatment. In vitro evaluation using rat bone marrow and periodontal ligament cells revealed that the initial adhesion of both cell types and the induction of hard tissue differentiation such as cementum were improved by amelogenin coating. Additionally, the formation of new bone in implanted surrounding tissues was observed in in vivo evaluation using rat femurs. Together, these results suggest that this material may serve as a new implant material with the potential to play a major role in the advancement of clinical dentistry.

Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Bioactivity of Alkali-Treated Ceria-Stabilised Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR)

“…In vivo evaluation of material surfaces is essential for biomaterial development. We recently reported related results using an in vivo model with Sprague–Dawley rat femurs [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. The rat femur model in the present study was used to evaluate the bone tissue response to implants via inclusion of the trabecular bone in the clinical context.…”

Effects of UV Treatment on Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR)

“…Hind limb bones of rats were aseptically excised after euthanizing rats with 4% isoflurane. The method of extraction and primary culture of bone marrow mesenchymal cells from rat femur is in accordance with our previous reports [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. RBMs were cultured in 75-cm 2 culture flasks (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).…”

“…The cells were cultured in a medium (BulletKit™; Lonza, Basal, Switzerland) prepared at an appropriate concentration (1 mL/cm 2 ). Regarding the primary culture and subculturing method of the RPLCs, we follow our previous reports [37].…”

“…The analysis method follows the manufacturer's instructions. According to our past report, RBMCs and RPLCs (after 24 h of culture) and HUVECs (after 6 h of culture) on the test and control NANOZR surfaces were stained and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…It has also been shown that TNS can easily adsorb various proteins due to its chemical properties. In our previous report, we showed that this material surface could promote the adsorption of amelogenin, which helped regenerate hard and periodontal tissues [37]. Moreover, we have been exploring the use of UV treatment and atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment to modify the surfaces of various materials [38,39].…”