Effect of Betaines and Taurine and its Derivatives on Plasma Cholesterol Levels in Rats

Chan²,

2012

CMC

332

157

There is evidence that Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek), a traditional Chinese herb, and its components are beneficial in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and central nervous system disease. The pharmacological activities of trigonelline, a major alkaloid component of fenugreek, have been more thoroughly evaluated than fenugreek's other components, especially with regard to diabetes and central nervous system disease. Trigonelline has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, antimigraine, sedative, memory-improving, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-tumor activities, and it has been shown to reduce diabetic auditory neuropathy and platelet aggregation. It acts by affecting β cell regeneration, insulin secretion, activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism, reactive oxygen species, axonal extension, and neuron excitability. However, further study of trigonelline's pharmacological activities and exact mechanism is warranted, along with application of this knowledge to its clinical usage. This review aims to give readers a survey of the pharmacological effects of trigonelline, especially in diabetes, diabetic complications and central nervous system disease. In addition, because of its pharmacological value and low toxicity, the reported adverse effects of trigonelline in experimental animal models and humans are briefly reviewed, and the pharmacokinetics of trigonelline are also discussed.

Section: Hypolipidemic Effectmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Improvement In Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increase In Functional Neurite Outgrowthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trigonelline: A Plant Alkaloid with Therapeutic Potential for Diabetes and Central Nervous System Disease

Chan²,

2012

CMC

332

157

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

“…The plasma cholesterol level was elevated not only by methionine but also by methyl compounds such as choline and betaine. By contrast, Abe and Kaneda (26) have reported the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of some betaines in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. This discrepancy of the effect of betaine may be attributable to the difference in the kind of betaine used and/or in the addition level of betaine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of methionine and related compounds on plasma cholesterol level in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.

Sugiyama

Akai

Muramatsu

1986

“…As one of the components of Mirabilis jalapa L. root, trigonelline reduced blood glucose level in animal and human [ 19 – 22 ] and improved glucose tolerance in diabetes with obesity by oral glucose tolerance test. Trigonelline also reduced TC, free plasma cholesterol, and TG levels in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue [ 38 , 39 ]. What is more, trigonelline decreased serum insulin, serum tumor necrosis factor α levels, and liver fatty acid synthase activity and increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase, glucokinase activities, and glucokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase ratio in the liver [ 38 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract ofMirabilis jalapaL. Root on Normal and Diabetic Mice

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Zeng

et al. 2012

The present study investigated the insulin sensitivity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. root (EEM) in normal and diabetic mice. After induction of diabetes with streptozotocin, both normal and diabetic mice were singly or repeatedly for 28 days administrated with EEM at doses of 2, 4, 8 g/kg, respectively. Before induction of diabetes, mice were administrated with EEM at doses of 2, 4, 8 g/kg for 14 days and were injected with streptozotocin and continued on EEM administration for another 28 days. Both after and before induction of diabetes, repeated administration with 4, 8 g/kg EEM continually lowered blood glucose level, decreased serum insulin level and improved insulin sensitivity index, and lowered serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and triglyceride content in liver and skeletal muscle, and increased glycogen content in these tissues; but repeated administration had no influence on those indexes of normal mice. Single administration with EEM (4, 8 g/kg) showed hypoglycemic effect in oral glucose tolerance test in normal and diabetic mice. Single administration with EEM had no hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on normal and diabetic mice. These results suggest that EEM possesses both potential insulin sensitivity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects on diabetes.