“…Immunohistochemical evaluations revealed an increased expression of aggrecan and collagen type-II alpha and a decreased expression of collagen type-I alpha [11,33,35,37]. Finally, bone marrow-derived products induced in chondrocytes a higher mRNA/gene expression of type-II collagen, aggrecan, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and a lower mRNA/gene expression of type-I collagen, Adamts-4, BCL-2-like protein 4 (Bax), Caspase-3, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-4, MMP-13, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-Κb) p65, protein P21, and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF [22,24,33,[38][39][40][41][42].…”