Effect of bupivacaine on epidural analgesia produced by xylazine or medetomidine in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Singh, Virendra; Amarpal,; Kinjavdekar, P.; Aithal, H. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00429.x

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In buffalos, bupivacaine produced complete analgesia of the tail, perineum, inguinal, and thigh regions. However, when used in combination with either xylazine or medetomidine, bupivacaine resulted in enhanced analgesia produced by xylazine, but not medetomidine [15]. …”

Section: Bupivacainementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpha-2 agonists produce their analgesic effects by stimulating the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord [15]. Xylazine alone or in combination with lidocaine is the second most commonly used drug for epidural anesthesia in cattle [15-18]. It resulted in longer duration of anesthesia using the low dose epidural technique.…”

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It resulted in longer duration of anesthesia using the low dose epidural technique. Alone, xylazine is used at a dose rate of 0.05 mg/kg (2%) diluted into 5 ml sterile water [15-18]. Onset and duration of anesthesia is usually within 10 min and 3-4 h, respectively.…”

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Administration of ketamine along with medetomidine resulted in significantly early onset and slightly longer duration of analgesia with lesser cardiopulmonary side-effects compared to medetomidine alone or medetomidine with bupivacaine [15]. Although the addition of ketamine to medetomidine enhanced epidural analgesia, the addition of bupivacaine failed to provide any advantage over medetomidine alone [15].…”

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the addition of ketamine to medetomidine enhanced epidural analgesia, the addition of bupivacaine failed to provide any advantage over medetomidine alone [15]. …”

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidural analgesia in cattle, buffalo, and camels

Ismail¹

2016

Vet World

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Epidural analgesia is commonly used in large animals. It is an easy, cheap, and effective technique used to prevent or control pain during surgeries involving the tail, anus, vulva, perineum, caudal udder, scrotum, and upper hind limbs. The objectives of this article were to comprehensively review and summarize all scientific data available in the literature on new techniques and drugs or drug combinations used for epidural anesthesia in cattle, camel, and buffalo. Only articles published between 2006 and 2016 were included in the review. The most common sites for epidural administration in cattle, camels, and buffalos were the sacrococcygeal intervertebral space (S5-Co1) and first intercoccygeal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2). The most frequently used drugs and dosages were lidocaine (0.22-0.5 mg/kg), bupivacaine (0.125 mg/kg), ropivacaine (0.11 mg/kg), xylazine (0.05 mg/kg), medetomidine (15 µg/kg), romifidine (30-50 µg/kg), ketamine (0.3-2.5 mg/kg), tramadol (1 mg/kg), and neostigmine (10 µg/kg), and the clinical applications, clinical effects, recommendations, and side effects were discussed.

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Section: Bupivacainementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the addition of ketamine to medetomidine enhanced epidural analgesia, the addition of bupivacaine failed to provide any advantage over medetomidine alone [15]. …”

Section: Alpha-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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