Effect of cadmium on photosystem II activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: alteration of O–J–I–P fluorescence transients indicating the change of apparent activation energies within photosystem II

Cadmium is a potentially toxic heavy metal that hampers plant productivity by interfering with their photochemistry. Cd causes disturbances in a range of physiological processes of plants such as photosynthesis, water relations, ion metabolism and mineral uptake. Cd pronouncedly affects photosynthesis by alteration of its vital machinery in all aspects. Photosynthesis is a well organised and sequential process fundamental to all green plants and microorganisms which involves various components, including photosynthetic pigments and photosystems, the electron transport system and CO2 reduction pathways. Any damage at any level caused by Cd, critically affects overall photosynthetic capacity. Present review focuses on key effects of Cd on photosynthetic apparatus including chloroplast structure, photosynthetic pigments, Chl-protein complexes and photosystems resulting in overall decrease in efficiency of carbon assimilation pathway.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-45) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The same pattern was also observed in lower organisms i.e. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (50 μM, for 24 hrs) too (Perreault et al 2011). …”

Section: Reviewsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…allophycocyanin, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin e.g. Chlamydomonas (50 μM, for 24 hrs), Gracilaria (300 μM, 16 DAT) and Hypnea musciformis (300μM, 7DAT) that led to decrease in photosynthetic efficiency (Perrault et al 2011; Santos et al 2012; Bouzon et al 2012). …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress

2013

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“…Chl a fluorescence was determined in vivo using a Handy-PEA instrument (Handy PEA, Hansatech, UK) as previously described (Perreault et al, 2011). The experiment was conducted at 10:00 a.m., with the leaves allowed to adapt to the dark conditions for at least 20 min at room temperature before measurements were taken, which allowed all the reaction centers to open.…”

Section: Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis performance, antioxidant enzymes, and ultrastructural analyses of rice seedlings under chromium stress

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

126

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The present study was conducted to examine the effects of increasing concentrations of chromium (Cr(6+)) (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) morphological traits, photosynthesis performance, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes. In addition, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the leaves of hydroponically cultivated rice (O. sativa L.) seedlings was analyzed. Plant fresh and dry weights, height, root length, and photosynthetic pigments were decreased by Cr-induced toxicity (200 μM), and the growth of rice seedlings was starkly inhibited compared with that of the control. In addition, the decreased maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) might be ascribed to the decreased the number of active photosystem II reaction centers. These results were confirmed by inhibited photophosphorylation, reduced ATP content and its coupling factor Ca(2+)-ATPase, and decreased Mg(2+)-ATPase activities. Furthermore, overtly increased activities of antioxidative enzymes were observed under Cr(6+) toxicity. Malondialdehyde and the generation rates of superoxide (O2̄) also increased with Cr(6+) concentration, while hydrogen peroxide content first increased at a low Cr(6+) concentration of 25 μM and then decreased. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that Cr(6+) exposure resulted in significant chloroplast damage. Taken together, these findings indicate that high Cr(6+)concentrations stimulate the production of toxic reactive oxygen species and promote lipid peroxidation in plants, causing severe damage to cell membranes, degradation of photosynthetic pigments, and inhibition of photosynthesis.

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“…In unicellular green freshwater algae, OJIPs has been used to evaluate negative effects to photosystem II of heavy metals (Andosch et al 2012, Zemri et al 2012, Perreault et al 2011, silver nanoparticles (Okarroum et al 2012), performance index PI abs during cultivation in culture (Dunaliella primalecta, Kruskopf et Flynn 2006), dose-dependent inhibitory pattern caused by dried powdered macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiformis on salt-resistant Dunaliella salina (Ye et al 2012). For Antarctic algal species, only limited number of photosynthetic studies exploiting OJIP approach has yet been done.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Antarctic freshwater algae to salt stress assessed by fast chlorophyll fluorescence transient

Vilumbrales¹,

Skácelová²,

Barták³

2013

Czech Polar Rep.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of salt stress (2 mM NaCl) on excitation energy transfer from light harvesting complexes to photosystem II (PS II) in two Antarctic algal species: Klebsormidium sp. and Zygnema sp. Short-term salt stress led to a significant changes in the shape of chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP). Analyses of the polyphasic fluorescence transients (OJIP) showed that the fluorescence yield at the phases J, I and P declined considerably with the time of exposition to salt stress. In both experimental species, OJIP transients reached lowest values of chlorophyll fluorescence signal after 30/60 min. of NaCl exposition. Then, OJIP shape and chlorophyll fluorescence showed species-specific recovery and rised towards original values (about 2/3 of untreated control). Analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters derived from OJIPs showed that salt stress led to a decrease in the maximal efficiency of PS II photochemistry (F V /F M ) in Zygnema sp. but not Klebsormidium sp. The results indicated that the probability of excitation energy transfer before and beyond Q A , and the yield of electron transport beyond Q A is limited by salt-induced stress in Zygnema sp. In addition, salt stress resulted in a decrease in the photosynthetic electron transport per PS II reaction center, but both increase and decrease in the trapping per PS II reaction center was found. Performace index (PI abs ) was affected negatively in Zygnema sp. but possitively Klebsormidium sp. indicating that the latter species was more resistant to salt stress than Zygnema sp.

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Effect of cadmium on photosystem II activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: alteration of O–J–I–P fluorescence transients indicating the change of apparent activation energies within photosystem II

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress

Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress

Photosynthesis performance, antioxidant enzymes, and ultrastructural analyses of rice seedlings under chromium stress

Sensitivity of Antarctic freshwater algae to salt stress assessed by fast chlorophyll fluorescence transient

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