Effect of Calcium Buffers and Whole Plant Processing on Starch Digestibility of Sorghum Based Diets in Holstein Cows

Fernández, J. A.; Coppock, C.E.; Schake, L. M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82183-8

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A linear relationship between faecal NDF concentration and aTTD of NDF was observed using only one faecal spot sample (R 2 = 0.70, P = 0.04; data not shown). Fernandez et al (1982) predicted aTTD from faecal starch for lactating cows fed high-starch diets (mean = 34% of DM) in which sorghum grain and silage were the only starch sources (aTTD of starch (%) = 108.8% − (1.82 × FS%); n = 16, R 2 = 0.64). More recently, other linear relationships between faecal starch and aTTD of starch in lactating cows (mean = 27% starch DM) were derived with the following equations: aTTD of starch (%) = 98.7% − 1.76 × FS%; n = 72, R 2 = 0.73; P < 0.01 (Ferguson 2006, as referenced by Grant 2010); aTTD of starch (%) = 100.0% − (1.25 × FS%); n = 506, R 2 = 0.94, P < 0.01 (Ferraretto and Shaver 2012); and aTTD of starch (%) = 100.0% − (1.25 × FS%); n = 564, R 2 = 0.94; P < 0.001 (Fredin et al 2014).…”

Section: Accuracy Of Using Faecal Nutrients To Predict Apparent Totalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cereal grains are a major ingredient in many cattle diets, and given the high proportion of starch in grains, predictions have been developed to estimate starch digestibility. For example, faecal starch concentration can be used as a predictor of apparent total tract digestion (aTTD) of starch in feedlot (Zinn et al 2002(Zinn et al , 2007Corona et al 2005) and dairy cattle (Fernandez et al 1982;Fredin et al 2014). In addition, indigestible markers such as lignin can be used to monitor nutrient digestibility, but knowledge of the concentration of the marker and the nutrient of interest in both the feed and faeces is required (Van Soest et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the variation in the daily excretion of faecal constituents and digestibility predictions in beef cattle fed feedlot diets using near-infrared spectroscopy

Jancewicz

Penner

Swift³

et al. 2016

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Six heifers were individually housed and assigned to once (FF1) or twice (FF2) daily feeding regimes over backgrounding and finishing periods. Following adaptation, total faecal collections were conducted at 4-h intervals and at 24-h intervals over 4 d, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict faecal organic matter (OM), starch, nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). At each interval, NIRS calibrations were used to estimate faecal constituents and ADL to calculate apparent (aTTD) and estimated (eTTD) total tract digestibility. Faecal dry matter (DM) (%), NDF, and ADF varied among 4-h interval samples in the backgrounding period and faecal DM, starch, NDF, ADF, and ADL in the finishing period. Faecal starch was able to predict aTTD during both feeding periods (backgrounding: R2 = 0.96, P < 0.01; finishing: R2 = 0.98, P < 0.01). The NIRS calibrations for predicting aTTD using the 4-h interval samples or the 4-d–24-h composite were least accurate for NDF and ADF. Most 4-h interval samples could be used to predict eTTD of nutrients, and aside from starch in the finishing period, there were no differences in eTTD using faecal samples collected over 4-h intervals versus those collected over 4 d. Spot faecal samples collected at any time point from multiple cattle have the potential to predict digestibility. Timing of sampling after feeding must be standardized to predict starch digestibility during the finishing period, with samples between 0–4 h and 8–16 h generating estimates of both starch concentration and digestibility that were closest to that derived from 4-d–24-h composite samples.

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Section: Accuracy Of Using Faecal Nutrients To Predict Apparent Totalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the variation in the daily excretion of faecal constituents and digestibility predictions in beef cattle fed feedlot diets using near-infrared spectroscopy

Jancewicz

Penner

Swift³

et al. 2016

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Generally, the starch digestibility in dairy cows varies from 70% to 100% and is affected by multiple factors. Fernandez et al [85] reported a relationship between starch digestibility and FS for dairy cows, confirmed by Fredin et al [86] that used NIRS to predict FS in dried ground fecal samples using Foss-NIR System 6500 (Silver Spring, MD). The FS concentration was predicted with good precision for the various spectral mathematical transformations, with high coefficients of determination (R 2 > 0.83) and a low standard error of prediction (SEP = 0.78-0.57) (Figure 4).…”

Section: Diet Digestibility Estimation By Nirsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The FS concentration was predicted with good precision for the various spectral mathematical transformations, with high coefficients of determination (R 2 > 0.83) and a low standard error of prediction (SEP = 0.78-0.57) (Figure 4). The high correspondence between the concentration of FS on dry matter basis and the digestibility of the total starch in dairy cows has been demonstrated [84][85][86]. However, when FS was greater than 5%, the NIRS rating was reduced.…”

Section: Diet Digestibility Estimation By Nirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) on Farms for the Management of Dairy Cows

2021

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Dairy farming is increasingly affected by the digital revolution. To respond to current challenges—such as environmental, economic, and social sustainability—new technologies must be adopted, entering the perspective of precision livestock farming. This is made possible by the development of countless sensors to be adopted in the barn. The technology that is affecting various aspects of dairy cattle breeding is certainly near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which is versatile and can be used online/inline to evaluate and control the critical points of the production process by entering the PAT (process analytical technology). In the barn, NIRS currently can obtain information on the chemical-physical composition of raw materials, total mixed ration (TMR), feces and digestibility, chemical and technological analysis of milk. All this in a short time by eliminating the waiting times for analysis response and costs, allowing an improvement of livestock management. Many studies affirm the validity of NIRS as a reliable and predictive technology against multiple relevant parameters in matrices such as raw feed, TMR, feces, and milk. This review highlights the usefulness of NIRS technology in dairy farm with particular attention to portable instrumentation usable directly on the farm.

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“…1.8-cineol (5.6-10.8%), terpinol-4 (3,1-4,9%) e piperitona (2,2-3,3%), apresentaram efeito miorrelaxante ou blocagem absoluto da contractabilidade espontânea em fibras de músculo liso de rumen e abomaso (Jalilzadeh-Amin et al, 2012 São poucos os trabalhos que avaliaram os efeitos das AMC sobre a digestibilidade dos diferentes nutrientes, no entanto, devido à grande proporção de calcário na composição desta, é possível tentar relacionar os resultados obtidos com a suplementação do calcário sobre esta variável. Fernandez et al (1982), Nocek et al (1983) e Rogers et al (1985) demostraram que a suplementação de carbonato de cálcio na dieta de vacas leiteiras não melhorou a digestibilidade do amido. Clark et al (1989) tampouco observaram diferenças significativas sobre a digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO, PB e EE quando suplementou vacas leiteiras com calcário.…”

Section: Pastagemunclassified

Adição de óleos essenciais e algas marinhas calcárias em dietas para vacas no terço final de lactação

Navarro¹

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Addition of essential oils and calcareous marine algae in diets of dairy cows during late lactation Essential oils (OE) and calcareous marine algae (AMC) are being used in ruminants diets. The AMC has been added to diets with the purpose of regulating the ruminal pH while the OE, due to their antimicrobial properties, had been tested as an alternative to the antibiotic additives used in animal production. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effects of OE and AMC as well as their interaction on performance and ruminal environment of lactating dairy cows. Two experiments with 32 cows were developed. The animals were in a rotational grazing system supplemented with 6 kg per cow of concentrate feed. Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate performance whereas experiment 2 for ruminal metabolism. During both experiments, cows were assigned to the followings treatments: a) control (CONT); b) blend of essential oils (OE); calcareous marine algae (AMC); d) AMC+OE. In experiment 1, the registered variables were intake, yield and milk composition, live weight, body condition score and blood parameters (glucose and non-esterified fatty acids, [NEFA]). In experiment 2 the same 32 lactating cows were used to evaluate ruminal parameters. The statistical designs used were: replicated Latin square (experiment1) and randomized complete block design (experiment 2). In experiment 1, grass and total DM and OM intakes were increased in AMC compared to OE and OE+AMC. The intakes observed for CONT did not differ from the other treatments. Digestibility of DM and OM were higher for OE and OE+AMC compared to AMC. Digestibility of CONT did not differ from other treatments. The average BCS was higher for OE, however the tested additives did not affect blood concentration of NEFA and glucose. Milk yield and composition were not affected by additives inclusion as well as energy concentration in diets, energy intake, secreted energy in milk and energy conversion efficiency. In experiment 2, OE increased molar concentration of acetate and total VFA when compared to CONT and AMC, but not differed from OE+AMC. The AMC increased ruminal pH when compared to OE. The inclusion of essential oils and/or calcareous marine algae did not alter the productive response of lactating dairy cows, even though there was an increase in VFA concentration and ruminal pH.

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Effect of Calcium Buffers and Whole Plant Processing on Starch Digestibility of Sorghum Based Diets in Holstein Cows

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of the variation in the daily excretion of faecal constituents and digestibility predictions in beef cattle fed feedlot diets using near-infrared spectroscopy

Characterization of the variation in the daily excretion of faecal constituents and digestibility predictions in beef cattle fed feedlot diets using near-infrared spectroscopy

An Overview on the Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) on Farms for the Management of Dairy Cows

Adição de óleos essenciais e algas marinhas calcárias em dietas para vacas no terço final de lactação

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