Effect of chitosan conduit under a dynamic culture on the proliferation and neural differentiation of human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells

Abstract

Ex vivo engineering of artificial nerve conduit is a suitable alternative clinical treatment for nerve injuries. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been considered as alternative sources of adult stem cells because of their potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. These cells, when cultured in six-well plates, exhibited a spindle fibroblastic morphology, whereas those under a dynamic culture aggregated into neurosphere-like clusters in the chitosan conduit. In this study, we confirmed that SHEDs efficiently express the neural stem cell marker nestin, the early neural cell marker β-III-tubulin, the late neural marker neuron-specific enolase and the glial cell markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase). The three-dimensional chitosan conduit and dynamic culture system generated fluid shear stress and enhanced nutrient transfer, promoting the differentiation of SHEDs to neural cells. In particular, the gene expressions of GFAP and CNPase increased by 28- and 53-fold, respectively. This study provides evidence for the dynamic culture of SHEDs during ex vivo neural differentiation and demonstrates its potential for cell therapy in neurological diseases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Neuroprotective Effect of Transplanted Neural Precursors Embedded on PLA/CS Scaffold in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

“…It is shown that when chitosan is used to modify polymer scaffolds, the amount of adhesion of cells on the chitosan-modified scaffolds significantly increases. Chitosan, as a natural polymer, has suitable hydrophilicity and biocompatibility [20,31]. Structure of chitosan (because of its cationic nature and high charge density) is similar to ECM, which holds the specific interactions with macromolecules, growth factors, and receptors [30].…”

“…So, the blending of chitosan and synthetic polymer which has a suitable mechanical property can improve the mechanical property. PLA is a perfect synthetic polymer to prepare composite material with chitosan [19,20].…”

Synergistic effects of Rho kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 and Noggin overexpression on the proliferation and neuron‐like cell differentiation of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

“…Dental pulp tissues are known to originate from migrating neural crest cells during development . Consequently, SHEDs are thought to be a key source of postnatal stem cells that can differentiate into neural cells.…”

“…Takayoshi et al have reported that SHED transplantation effectively reverses systemic lupus erythematosus‐related diseases in mouse models by increasing the number of regulatory T cells via inhibiting the proliferation of T helper 17 cells . SHEDs express a number of different neuronal and glial cell markers, such as Nestin, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), beta III tubulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, neuron‐specific nuclear protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament medium chain, and 2′, 3′‐cyclic nucleotide‐3′‐phosphodiesterase, indicating the embryonic neural crest origin of dental pulp . SHEDs have shown great pluripotency for future tissue engineering applications such as bone regeneration .…”

“…5 SHEDs express a number of different neuronal and glial cell markers, such as Nestin, neuronspecific enolase (NSE), beta III tubulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, neuron-specific nuclear protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament medium chain, and 2 0 , 3 0 -cyclic nucleotide-3 0 -phosphodiesterase, indicating the embryonic neural crest origin of dental pulp. 6,7 SHEDs have shown great pluripotency for future tissue engineering applications such as bone regeneration. 8 In addition, the isolation of stem cells is also desirable in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and for repair of motoneurons after injury.…”