Effect of Climatic Factors and Habitat Characteristics on Anopheles Larval Density

Abstract

Koya Barat village is one of the areas in Jayapura City which has high incidence of malaria. Malaria cases in this region are affected by local conditions, including the climate and environment of aquatic habitats.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of climatic factors and habitat characteristics on Anopheleslarval density in Koya Barat village. The method used is field observation with descriptive and statistical analysis approach.The results showed that there are four parameters that significantly affect on larval density, namely rainfall, air temperature, water temperature and salinity. The relationship between rainfall with the larval density in freshwater permanent habitat is negative linear. While in brackish water permanent habitat and semi permanent habitat is non-linear (2nd order polynomial). The relationship between air temperature, water temperature and salinity with the larval density in freshwater habitat are positive linear, while in brackish water habitat and semi permanent habitat are negative linear.

Karakteristik Habitat Lingkungan Terhadap Kepadatan Larva Anopheles SPP

“…Jika dibandingkan dengan teori dan penelitian penelitian tersebut, pH pada habitat larva Anopheles spp di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Hanura sangat memungkinkan untuk larva Anopheles spp dapat berkembang biak dengan baik di lokasi lokasi tersebut.. (22)(23) . Sedangkan pada penelitian Tulak et al (2018) menyimpulkan bahwa suhu air berbuhungan positive linier terhadap kepadatan larva (24) .Namun penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan penelitian Getachew et al (2020) di southwestern Ethiopia yang menyimpulkan bahwa suhu air tidak berhubungan signifikan terhadap densitas atau kepadatan larva (25) . Dengan kata lain setiap tempat atau lokasi penelitian memiliki karakteristiknya masing masing untuk larva…”

Spatial Distribution of Malaria Vector Breeding Sites in Purworejo District, Central Java Province

“…Temperature and the extent of water availability for larval breeding are crucial factors in the vector life-cycle thus affecting transmission. 25 In Indonesia, the optimum temperature for malaria vector mosquitoes ranges between 25 and 27 °C. 20 The important factors for the vector-host relationship are the distance of people's houses from vector breeding sites such as a river, lakes, pond, and breeding sites in the forest.…”

Variety of Anopheles mosquito in Salamwates Village, Dongko Subdistrict Trenggalek District, East Java Province

“…Mosquitoes switched their feeding behaviour to suck animal blood because the villagers were more active indoors at night; therefore, malaria transmission decreased followed by the decreased of malaria cases in this village. In addition, the presence of Anopheles mosquitoes depends also on climate factors that affect the density of mosquitoes in breeding places, such as rainfall, air temperature, water temperature and salinity of breeding places (Tulak et al, 2018).…”