Effect of combined adoptive immunotherapy and radiotherapy on tumor growth

Radiotherapy augments the immune response to prostate cancer in a time‐dependent manner

“…These data suggest that under certain conditions RT alone might generate a significant antitumor immune response [3]. Several groups have attempted to combine RT with various methods to stimulate an anti-tumor immune response, including cytokines [7][8][9], monocolonal antibodies [10], and adoptive transfer of T cells [11]. In terms of prostate cancer, Gulley et al [12] recently reported a Phase I clinical trial in which a PSA-targeted vaccine (ProstVac VF) was combined with RT in men with localized disease.…”

Effect of Interleukin‐2 and Selenium on the Growth of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

“…The development of the inhibitory effect of Se and IL‐2 on the growth of KLN 205 squamous cell carcinoma cells is illustrated on Fig 1. Cells grown for 72 hours in medium supplemented with 2000 IU IL‐2/mL 10 or IL‐2 and Se (control bars) exhibited 23.10% and 28.16% growth inhibition, respectively, as compared with cells grown in medium only ( P < 0.02) which demonstrated the inhibitory effect of IL‐2 on the growth of these cells; the addition of Se had no effect on the growth of the cells ( P = 0.2). However, when cells grown in the presence of Se were subcultured (pass 0), propagated for 13 passes, and tested for their response to IL‐2 or IL‐2 and Se at the designed intervals, there was a gradual increase in the amount of growth inhibition compared with the control cultures.…”

“…The live cells in each well were stained with 0.5% crystal violet and washed 3 times in tap water. The dye was eluted with 95% ethanol and the optical density of the material in each well was measured (Titertek Uniskan II; Flow Labs, VA) at 570 nm 10 . This, and other colorimetric assays, determine the amount of viable cells in a constant volume of tumor cells and in protocols designed to evaluate cellular growth inhibition produce results comparable to the conventional 3 H‐thymidine incorporation assay 6,11…”

“…Mice bearing 10‐day tumors were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each: Group I, no treatment (untreated control); Group II, IL‐2 injected; Group III, saline injected. IL‐2, 2000 IU in saline, 10 or saline, were administered daily for 2 weeks, in a total volume of 0.2 mL, divided in 2 equal doses and injected peritumorally from opposite sides. To study the kinetics of tumor growth in each group, tumor size was measured daily with vernier calipers, and expressed as the product of the 2 largest diameters at 90 degrees to each other 12 .…”

Immunobiology and immunotherapy of head and neck cancer

“…The presence of strongly immunosuppressive tumor in the patient who is to receive an antitumor vaccine is clearly contraindicated, as emphasized previously. Beyond this, the effects of chemo-or radiotherapy on the host immune system may be a lesser evil than tumor-induced effects, and these therapies could, in some respects, facilitate the generation of antitumor immune responses by, for example, eliminating subsets of suppressor cells and/or enhancing the release of tumor antigens [41].…”