Effect of cover on the development and production of secondary compounds of <i>Maytenus ilicifolia</i> and <i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> in agroforestry systems

Abstract

Effect of cover on the development and production of secondary compounds of Maytenus ilicifolia and Ilex paraguariensis in agroforestry systemsEfeito da cobertura do dossel no desenvolvimento e produção de compostos secundários de Maytenus ilicifolia e Ilex paraguariensis em sistemas agroflorestais AbstractThe Midwest regions of Santa Catarina state, in Brazil, include a great diversity of forest essences with medicinal application; however, many of these resources are poorly exploited or managed in an extractive manner. This research aimed to assess the effects of canopy cover in agroforestry systems on development and production of secondary composites of espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) and yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Two experimental areas were planted following the same spacing and arrangement for the plants. Experimental blocks were set up by pruning the pioneer plants, with three variable levels of canopy cover (0-20 %, 20-40 % and 40-60 %). Plants of espinheira-santa and yerba mate were monitored for development and their marketable vegetative parts were harvested, processed and aqueous extracts were prepared for the analysis of presence of secondary compounds. The yerba mate showed the highest production of marketable biomass under high cover. By contrast, the biosynthesis of the secondary compound, theobromine, was greater in the lowest cover, while chlorogenic acid and caffeine were higher in the cover (40-60 %). Espinheira-santa showed no difference in either development or yield among the assessment treatments and, the production of phenols was lower in the cover above 40 %.

Basalt rock dust incorporated to substrate favors Monteverdia ilicifolia seedlings initial growth

“…For Rocha et al (2014), full sunlight was also the most appropriate management for the production of M. ilicifolia leaves, influencing the sprouting capacity of population after partial pruning. However, differing from our results, Borges et al (2019) found no differences for height, stem diameter, and biomass production of M. ilicifolia plants with different canopy cover (0% -60%) in two agroforestry systems in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the first three years after planting.…”

“…The species presents significant environmental plasticity. It grows under different edaphic conditions, soil hydromorphic regimes, and luminosity, occurring naturally in full sun and diffuse light environments (Radomski & Bull, 2010;Borges et al, 2019). For adult plants of M. ilicifolia, shading condition affects biomass production, specific leaf area, leaf nutrient concentrations and polyphenols contents (Radomski et al, 2004;Radomski & Bull, 2010;Rocha et al, 2014;Borges et al, 2019); thus, shading seems to be an important factor for the species.…”

“…It grows under different edaphic conditions, soil hydromorphic regimes, and luminosity, occurring naturally in full sun and diffuse light environments (Radomski & Bull, 2010;Borges et al, 2019). For adult plants of M. ilicifolia, shading condition affects biomass production, specific leaf area, leaf nutrient concentrations and polyphenols contents (Radomski et al, 2004;Radomski & Bull, 2010;Rocha et al, 2014;Borges et al, 2019); thus, shading seems to be an important factor for the species. Despite being classified as a late secondary species, tolerant to shade in the juvenile stage (Souza et al, 2008), there is little information on the effect of shading on young plants, especially for seedlings production.…”

Espinheira-Santa: Do Extrativismo À Produção Sustentável

“…Assim, a densidade de 4.000 plantas por hectare, no espaçamento de 1,0 m na linha e 2,5 m entre linhas é considerada apropriada (MAGALHÃES, 2002). Consideramos que outras formas de cultivo, como os policultivos ou sistemas agroflorestais, são bastante apropriados para a produção da espécie (PASTUR et al, 2012;BIASI et al, 2017;BORGES et al 2019;STEENBOCK et al, 2020), podendo ser, inclusive, utilizada na restauração ecológica de áreas de preservação permanentes (APPs) ou reservas legais (RLs) (DALPIZOL et al, 2021), no entanto, são ainda incipientes as experiências com o cultivo da espinheira-santa nestas formas de cultivo. Borges et al (2019) registram uma diminuição de compostos de interesse com o aumento do sombreamento, o que deve ser considerado em sistemas de policultivo.…”

“…Sua origem é antiga, assim como sua prática, e muitos cientistas reconhecem como ela auxilia no desenvolvimento dos povos (ALBUQUERQUE et al, 2008;MEDEIROS et al, 2011). Assim, em face à crise ambiental que presenciamos, é de suma importância que possamos analisar o desenvolvimento humano sem deixar de lado a conservação de ecossistemas naturais e a promoção de serviços ambientais e ecossistêmicos (BROOKS et al, 2006;TELLO;CASTILHO, 2013;LUEDLING et al, 2014;ANDERSON et al, 2020;STEENBOCK et al, 2020).…”