É imprescindível que se tenha conhecimento das condições climáticas de uma região para execução de diversas atividades. Entre as classificações climáticas mais conhecidas, a de Köppen é a mais usual. Porém, Leslie R. Holdridge elaborou um sistema de classificação no qual são determinadas zonas de vida, as quais representam associações ecológicas semelhantes. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi classificar o clima dos municípios de Goiás e o Distrito Federal segundo Holdridge, comparando-os com o mapa de vegetação do referido estado elaborado pelo IBGE e com o mapa da classificação climática de Köppen. Mediante uma base de dados elaborada por Alvares et al. (2013), foram extrapolados valores de precipitação e temperatura para os 246 municípios de Goiás e o Distrito Federal. Aliado ao cálculo da biotemperatura e relação de evapotranspiração potencial, juntamente com o estabelecimento da região latitudinal e piso altitudinal local, foram determinadas as zonas de vida. Os resultados mostraram duas zonas de vida para a área de estudo: floresta úmida tropical premontana (99,4% do território), correlacionada 96,88% com o clima Aw; e floresta seca/floresta úmida tropical basal, correlacionada 100% com o clima Aw. A biotemperatura foi a variável que diferiu para dois municípios localizados no extremo norte do estado, possibilitando o surgimento da zona de vida floresta seca/floresta úmida tropical basal, que correspondeu a 0,6% do território. O emprego do sistema de classificação climática de Holdridge foi adequado para classificar o clima de Goiás e do Distrito Federal pois correspondeu com a classificação de Köppen e com a vegetação.Palavras-chave: climatologia, biotemperatura, cerrado, vegetação. A B S T R A C TIt is essential to have knowledge of the climatic conditions of a region to carry out various activities. Among the best-known climatic classifications, Köppen's climate classification is the most usual. However, Leslie R. Holdridge has developed a classification system in which are determined the life zones, which represent similar ecological associations. The aim of this research was to classify the climate of the municipalities of Goiás and the Federal District according to Holdridge, comparing them with the vegetation map of the state prepared by the IBGE and with the climate classification map of Köppen. Using a database developed by Alvares et al. (2013), precipitation and temperature values were extrapolated to the 246 municipalities of Goiás and the Federal District. Ally with the calculation of biotemperature and relation of potential evapotranspiration, jointly with the establishment of the latitudinal region and local altitudinal levels, the life zones were determined. The results showed two life zones for the study area: tropical premontane moist forest (99.4% of the territory) correlated 96.88% with the Aw climate; and tropical dry forest/moist forest correlated 100% with the Aw climate. Biotemperature was the variable that differed for two municipalities located in the extreme north of the state, which allowed the appearing of the tropical dry forest/moist forest life zone that corresponded to 0.6% of the territory. The use of the Holdridge climate classification system was adequate to classify the Goiás and the Federal District climate because it corresponded to the classification of Köppen and to the vegetation.Key-words: climatology, biotemperature, cerrado, vegetation.
This study aims to analyze the incorporation of basalt rock dust to a commercial substrate based on pine bark under two light conditions on initial growth of Monteverdia ilicifolia (Mart. Ex Reissek) Biral seedlings. We evaluated four proportions of rock dust: 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% on plants kept unshaded and under 50% shading for 140 days. The unshaded condition associated with basalt rock dust incorporated to substrate presented the higher seedlings growth. Incorporating rock dust in any proportion to the substrate increased stem diameter and biomass, resulting in a greater Dickson quality index (DQI) in unshaded seedlings. The rock dust in a proportion of 10% showed better results in seedlings growth. Moreover, 20% and 30% of rock dust reduced stem diameter, biomass, and DQI, when compared to 10% of rock dust, possibly due to the substrate physical characteristics. We recommend incorporating 10% of rock dust to the pine bark-based substrate for M. ilicifolia seedlings production in an unshaded environment.
Planning the sidewalk afforestation composition is critical to understanding tree development over time, as well as enabling trees to deliver their many quality benefits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the number of small, medium and large-sized tree species during eight growth projection moments on the streets of Irati city– PR. Different streets with and without power grids and streets with sidewalks larger and smaller than three meters were evaluated by counting the number of suitable trees in the appropriate spaces and the average increase in crown area of Lagerstroemia indica, Handroanthus albus and Paraptadenia rigida, over 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 years of growth projection. Data was transformed to attend the normality criteria and compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability, using an experimental design in subdivided plots. There was a significant difference and interaction between species size and projection time. The large-sized species presented higher increase in crown area throughout the years, despite the smaller number of trees that could be planted. This kind of species is advised for planting as long as proper maintenance is considered for trees to provide maximum benefits.
O clima está relacionado com a vegetação, influenciando a sua distribuição, bem como a produtividade de atividades agrícolas e florestais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi classificar climaticamente os municípios do Mato Grosso do Sul, segundo o sistema de “zonas de vida” de Holdridge, e compará-lo com a classificação de Köppen e com o mapa de vegetação. Com os dados de temperatura e precipitação fornecidos por Alvares et al. (2013), foi possível calcular as biotemperaturas médias anuais dos 79 municípios que, em conjunto com a precipitação média anual, foram utilizadas no diagrama de Holdridge para determinação das zonas de vida. Os valores utilizados representam a média de, no mínimo, 25 anos de registros, obtidos entre 1950 e 1990, de 15 estações meteorológicas. Dados de altitude e latitude foram utilizados para determinação das regiões latitudinais e pisos altitudinais. A classificação climática foi realizada utilizando o programa FoxPro. Foram encontradas três zonas de vida para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: floresta úmida tropical premontana (60,91%), floresta úmida subtropical basal (38,99%) e transição entre floresta seca e floresta úmida subtropical basal (0,1%), de modo que a classificação apresentou estreita relação com o gradiente altitudinal apresentado pelos municípios do estado. Conclui-se que as zonas de vida de Holdridge são apropriadas para classificar o clima de estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, tendo em vista que o sistema se mostrou satisfatório quando comparado à classificação de Köppen e à vegetação do estado.
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