Acrocomia aculeata is a native palm distributed widely throughout Brazil that is used in a diverse array of products from the food industry to biodiesel oil production. This study uses nine microsatellite loci to assess the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure (SGS), and mating system of A. aculeata. A total of 200 samples were collected from four populations (Fusquinha-FU, Padre Josimo-PJ, Gleba XV-GB, and Amparo-AM), in São Paulo State, Brazil. We also collected fruits from 20 randomly selected seed trees in the FU population to assess mating patterns, for a total of 246 genotyped embryos. We identified a total of 103 alleles and all loci were polymorphic. The average observed heterozygosity ( H o ) ranged from 0.410 (AM) to 0.531 (FU) and expected heterozygosity ( H e ) ranged from 0.547 (PJ) to 0.615 (GB). The average fixation index ( F ) ranged from 0.043 to 0.254 for FU and AM populations, respectively. The coancestry coefficient ( xy ) was significant up to 38 m in PJ the population and 71 m in AM. Individual palm outcrossing rates were predominantly high ( t m = 0.985) and the paternity correlation ( r p (m) = 0.02) was significantly low, indicating a high probability of the occurrence of half-sibs.Compared to other palm species, the studied populations show high levels of genetic diversity. Our results confirm that A. aculeata is primarily allogamous, with no significant paternity correlation, and seeds should be harvested from at least 40 trees to ensure high levels of genetic diversity in seed collection programs.

Planning the sidewalk afforestation composition is critical to understanding tree development over time, as well as enabling trees to deliver their many quality benefits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the number of small, medium and large-sized tree species during eight growth projection moments on the streets of Irati city– PR. Different streets with and without power grids and streets with sidewalks larger and smaller than three meters were evaluated by counting the number of suitable trees in the appropriate spaces and the average increase in crown area of Lagerstroemia indica, Handroanthus albus and Paraptadenia rigida, over 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 years of growth projection. Data was transformed to attend the normality criteria and compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability, using an experimental design in subdivided plots. There was a significant difference and interaction between species size and projection time. The large-sized species presented higher increase in crown area throughout the years, despite the smaller number of trees that could be planted. This kind of species is advised for planting as long as proper maintenance is considered for trees to provide maximum benefits.

As árvores precisam apresentar boas condições de desenvolvimento e vigor para que possam ofertar o máximo de benefícios nas áreas urbanas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mensurar o vigor de árvores de duas espécies florestais plantadas em praças da cidade de Irati, Paraná. Por meio de um protocolo, árvores de Lagerstroemia indica e Ligustrum lucidum foram avaliadas e separadas em duas classes subjetivas de vigor (boa e ruim). Para testar a adequação desta classificação foram mensuradas quatro variáveis em cada árvore (comprimento do ramo da última estação de crescimento, distância dos entrenós, comprimento da inflorescência e área das folhas) comparando-se os dados, aos pares, por meio do teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Com exceção da área foliar para L. indica, houve diferença significativa (p<0,01) entre as duas classes, com maiores valores para a classe de vigor boa, para todas as variáveis. Conclui-se que as variáveis analisadas se demonstraram adequadas para distinguir as duas classes de vigor e podem ser utilizadas para demonstrar a qualidade das árvores nas áreas urbanas.

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Dimensionamento do espaço de crescimento de árvores urbanas como suporte ao planejamento de calçadas arborizadas Urban tree growth space sizing to support tree-sidewalk planning Dimensionamiento del espacio de crecimiento de árboles urbanos para apoyar la planificación de aceras