Effect of cross-phase-modulation-induced polarization scattering on optical polarization mode dispersion compensation in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems

This paper details and describes optical polarization mode dispersion compensators (PMDCsnature of PMD makes it a difficult problem. PMD not only varies randomly over the wavelength, which gives rise to higher order PMD, but drifts randomly with time as well due to environmental changes such as temperature variations and mechanical vibrations along the fiber.To reduce PMD impairments, various PMD mitigation techniques have been proposed and demonstrated [2]. In general, PMD mitigation techniques can be divided into three main approaches:

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“…This can degrade PMDC performance [4,22]. For closely spaced channels, this interaction can build over distance and reduce the DOP significantly.…”

Section: System Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical polarization mode dispersion compensators for high-speed optical communication systems

Xie¹,

Werner²,

Haunstein

et al. 2010

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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“…For DPSK systems, however, this dispersion is not necessary, and XPM on its own might distort the signal. The induced XPolM, on the other hand is not dependent on the dispersion, other than indirectly, as it determines (via the walk-off) the number of interacting bits [14,15]. Another situation when XPolM dominates is when the walk-off-length is small (e.g.…”

Section: Xpm-induced Polarization Rotation In Wdm Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the move from dispersion shifted fiber in the mid-nineties to either standard fiber plus dispersion management, or non-zero dispersion shifted fiber, FWM is often negligible and XPM becomes the dominating nonlinear impairment. Since XPM is known to cause fast state of polarization (SOP) rotation among temporally overlapping bits in different WDM channels [6,7], such SOP rotation will be detrimental in systems with optical PMD compensators [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], since these operate on slow (relative to the bit period) time scales that are determined by the polarization drifts in the systems rather than bit-wise polarization fluctuations. Most work has been devoted to two-channel (pump-probe) interaction in this respect [9,[11][12][13][14]16], and significantly fewer studies discuss the more practically important case with many, equal-power WDM channels [8,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will address important issues such as in what parameter regimes the XPM is important, if and when other XPM-induced penalties can be neglected relative to the polarization rotation, and quantify how they affect PMD impairments and the effectiveness of various ways of mitigate PMD in terms of outage probabilities. The outage probability in such polarization-scattered systems has only been discussed in [13][14][15] previously. Finally we will conclude with a discussion on what PMD mitigation methods that will work and not work in such systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nonlinearities on PMD system degradations

Karlsson

Sunnerud

2006

2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference

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“…The evolution of S b can be obtained by interchanging the subscripts in (3). Equation 3 shows that S a and S b precess around each other along the fibre [12,13]. Assuming that P b .. P a , i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of Kerr nonlinearity coefficient of fibres using nonlinear polarisation rotation

Wang

Xie²,

Ren

2009

Electron. Lett.

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A simple and accurate method to measure the Kerr nonlinearity coefficient of optical fibres is proposed and demonstrated. The method is based on the nonlinear polarisation rotations caused by cross-phase modulation between two lightwaves of different wavelengths co-propagating in fibres. The Kerr nonlinearity coefficients of standard singlemode fibre and TrueWave TM reduced slope fibre measured with this method are in good agreement with the published data.Introduction: Optical fibre is not a linear media. It has nonlinearity, which is quantified by the Kerr nonlinear coefficient. Fibre nonlinearity is one of the main limiting factors for today's fibre-optic communication systems. Fibre nonlinearity causes self-phase modulation (SPM) within the channel and inter-channel cross-phase modulation (XPM) and fourwave mixing (FWM) in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems, which could significantly degrade the performance of longhaul dense WDM systems [1]. On the other hand, fibre nonlinearity is the foundation for many optical signal processing techniques [2]. Therefore, fast and accurate measurements of the Kerr nonlinearity coefficients of fibres are desired, not only in lab testing, but also in fibre manufacturing and system implementation.There are many methods to measure fibre nonlinearity. They are usually based on the measurement of spectrum variation, which originated from SPM, XPM, FWM,. These methods have at least one of these drawbacks: 1. high requirements on pump sources, e.g. a short pulse laser or two continuous-wave (CW) lasers with precisely balanced output power; 2. strict restrictions for the chromatic dispersion (CD) profile and high sensitivity to CD variations along the fibre length; 3. complicated relation between the measured data and the nonlinearity coefficient, which usually requires sophisticated nonlinear data fitting.In this Letter, a simple technique to measure the Kerr nonlinear coefficient of fibres is presented. The technique is based on nonlinear polarisation rotation. It only requires CW lasers and can be applied for various fibre types and nonlinear components as well.

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Effect of cross-phase-modulation-induced polarization scattering on optical polarization mode dispersion compensation in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Optical polarization mode dispersion compensators for high-speed optical communication systems

Optical polarization mode dispersion compensators for high-speed optical communication systems

Effect of nonlinearities on PMD system degradations

Measurement of Kerr nonlinearity coefficient of fibres using nonlinear polarisation rotation

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