Effect of devitalization techniques on the lipid, protein, antioxidant, and chitin fractions of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

Ravi, Harish Karthikeyan; Degrou, Antoine; Costil, Jérôme; Trespeuch, Christophe; Chémat, Farid; Vian, Maryline Abert

doi:10.1007/s00217-020-03596-8

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Aspartic and glutamic acid were the predominant amino acids in all other fractions analysed, ranging from 3.55 (AF Ctrl ) to 6.51 (SF Ctrl ) and 5.46 (SF Et ) to 8.07 (AF Et ), respectively. The results were consistent with our previous findings [10], where the amino acid profile of the BSFL meal with increasing crude protein content was elucidated. Comparison of the relative percentage of essential amino acid to the total amino acid of WMF BSFL meals (40.39-49.90%) with soybean (46.82%) and fish meal (48.99%) demonstrates the ability of BSFL as a high-protein-quality feed ingredient [42].…”

Section: Amino Acid Distribution In Wet Mode Bsfl Fractionssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The PDI values of SF Ctrl (32%) and SF Hg (27%) were similar to results previously reported for various BSFL protein meals and flours [10,28]. The lowest PDI belonged to dry juice press cake (18.5%), even with the highest crude protein (59%), signifying the presence of water-insoluble proteins.…”

Section: Protein Functional Properties and Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Lipid class analysis gives insight into the distribution of lipid components such as triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), monoacylglycerols (MAG) and free fatty acids (FFA) in the lipid samples. In the case of BSFL processing, it has been clearly established that the killing method greatly influences the lipid class constituents [10,27,28]. Freezing of larvae without any thermal pretreatment results in lipolysis wherein TAG are hydrolysed into FFA, DAG and MAG.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Profile and Lipid Class Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the dry mode fractionation of BSFL is relatively simple and can be efficiently executed on an industrial scale. Once the larvae reach the optimal stage for harvesting, they are separated from the frass (undigested substrate and insect faeces), and the primary unit operation is the devitalization technique or killing method [10]. Optionally, a cleaning method can be included to remove the debris and physical impurities adhering to the BSFL biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Insights on the Sustainable Wet Mode Fractionation of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) into Lipids, Proteins and Chitin

Ravi

Guidou²,

Costil³

et al. 2021

Processes

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The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a sustainable ingredient for feed applications, biofuels, composite materials and other biobased products. Processing BSFL to obtain lipid and protein fractions with enhanced functional properties as a suitable replacement for conventional feed ingredients has gained considerable momentum. In this regard, a novel and sustainable wet mode fractionation (WMF) scheme for BSFL was explored. Fresh BSFL were steam blanched and pulped to obtain BSFL juice and juice press cake. Subsequent treatment of BSFL juice employing homogenization or enzyme incubation and further centrifugation resulted in the obtention of four different BSFL fractions (Lipid—LF; Cream—CF; Aqueous—AF; and Solid—SF). Total energy consumption for a batch BSFL (500 g) WMF process was 0.321 kWh. Aqueous and solid fractions were the predominant constituents of BSFL juice. Lauric acid (44.52–49.49%) and linoleic acid (19.12–20.12%) were the primary fatty acids present in BSFL lipids. Lipid hydrolysis was observed in lipids belonging to the solid (free fatty acids > triacylglycerides) and cream fractions. Aqueous fraction proteins (ctrl) displayed superior emulsion stability and foam capacity than other treatments. Juice press cake retained 60% of the total chitin content and the rest, 40%, was found in the solid fraction (ctrl). The material distribution of principal constituents in different fractions of the WMF process and amino acid profile was elucidated. Overall, the versatile WMF process proposed in this study involves simple unit operations to obtain functional ingredients from BSFL, which can be further explored by researchers and industry stakeholders.

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Section: Amino Acid Distribution In Wet Mode Bsfl Fractionssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Protein Functional Properties and Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Fatty Acid Profile and Lipid Class Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Novel Insights on the Sustainable Wet Mode Fractionation of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) into Lipids, Proteins and Chitin

Ravi

Guidou²,

Costil³

et al. 2021

Processes

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show abstract

“…It is noteworthy that the analysis actually determines the content of N, which is then mostly transformed into protein by the conversion factor 6.25. However, in the case of insects, this factor overestimates the protein content [ 32 ] and studies based on amino acid analysis have proposed alternative conversion factors for larvae of different insect species, ranging from approximately 4.43 to 5.75 [ 33 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects as alternative feed for ruminants: comparison of protein evaluation methods

Toral

Hervás

González-Rosales

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background The high dependence of intensive ruminant production on soybean meal and the environmental impact of this crop encourage the search for alternative protein-rich feeds. The use of insects seems promising, but the extent of their ruminal protein degradation is largely unknown. This parameter has major influence not only on N utilization efficiency but also on the environmental burden of ruminant farming. In addition, although assessing ruminal N degradation represents a key first step to examine the potential of new feeds, it is a challenging task due to the lack of a reference method. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of 4 insects (Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio, Alphitobius diaperinus and Acheta domesticus) as alternative protein sources for ruminants, using 3 methodologies: 1) a regression technique based on the in vitro relationship between gas production and ammonia-N concentration; 2) a conventional in vitro technique of batch cultures of ruminal microorganisms, based on filtering the incubation residue through sintered glass crucibles; and 3) the in situ nylon bag technique. The in vitro intestinal digestibility of the non-degraded protein in the rumen was also determined. Soybean meal was used as a reference feedstuff. Results Comparison of evaluation methods (regression, in vitro and in situ) did not allow to reliably select a single value of ruminal N degradation for the studied substrates, but all techniques seem to establish a similar ranking, with good correlations between methods, particularly between regression and in situ results. Regardless of the methodology, nitrogen from the 4 insects (with contents ranging from 81 to 112 g/kg of dry matter) did not show high ruminal degradation (41–76%), this value being always lower than that of soybean meal. Furthermore, the in vitro intestinal digestibility of non-degraded N was relatively high in all feeds (≥ 64%). Conclusion Overall, these results support the potential of the 4 studied insects as alternative feedstuffs for ruminants. Among them, T. molitor showed the lowest and greatest values of ruminal N degradation and intestinal digestibility, respectively, which would place it as probably the best option to replace dietary soybean meal and increase the sustainability of ruminant feeding.

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On the nitrogen content and a robust nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)

2021

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Currently, a broad discussion exists in the literature regarding insect protein analysis. At its core, main difficulties and uncertainties are the inconsistent use of analysis methods and nitrogen-to-protein conversion (kP) factors. While the Kjeldahl and Dumas methods are both used in the literature, their result represents inherently different nitrogen fractions. Thus far, no correlation between them is established for insect matrices, which is a major uncertainty.Despite much effort has been made towards more accurate kP factors, calculation of these was based on merely one sample while the chemical composition varies depending on rearing conditions. Using a broad variation in black soldier fly (BSF) larvae samples in the present study, a correlation between Kjeldahl and Dumas and a robust kP factor has been established. Moreover, the nitrogen distribution of BSF samples was also assessed after accurate chitin analyses. A highly significant linear correlation existed between the results of Kjeldahl and Dumas (slope: 1.009; intercept: -0.008; R²: 0.9997). Consequently, both methods were deemed interchangeable for BSF larvae. Using amino acid data, a practical, more accurate and robust kP factor of 4.43 was obtained. Concerning the chitin content, the average of all BSF larvae samples was 5.95 ± 0.86 g N-acetylglucosamine/100 g dry matter and no correlation with the kP factor was observed. Regarding the nitrogen distribution of the samples, it was found that the contribution of nitrogenous compounds other than protein and chitin is not only high but also prone to variation (12 -30 % of the total nitrogen content).

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Effect of devitalization techniques on the lipid, protein, antioxidant, and chitin fractions of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Novel Insights on the Sustainable Wet Mode Fractionation of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) into Lipids, Proteins and Chitin

Novel Insights on the Sustainable Wet Mode Fractionation of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) into Lipids, Proteins and Chitin

Insects as alternative feed for ruminants: comparison of protein evaluation methods

On the nitrogen content and a robust nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)

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