Effect of diet on the free amino acid pools of symbiotic and aposymbiotic pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Liadouze, Isabelle; Febvay, Gérard; Guillaud, J.; Bonnot, G.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(94)00085-u

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Compartmentalization of the symbionts, with barriers to the free exchange of materials with the host, means that excess amounts of a particular essential amino acid in hemolymph or in host cells may not be detectable or useable by the symbionts. Previous nutritional studies using labeled N sources provided evidence that many amino acids are not taken up by B. aphidicola (6,7,13). Possibly, only nonessential amino acids are imported; two of these, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, serve as substrates for the pathways producing the essential amino acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Transcription in a Reduced Bacterial Genome: Nutrient-Provisioning Genes of the Obligate SymbiontBuchnera aphidicola

2005

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Buchnera aphidicola, the obligate symbiont of aphids, has an extremely reduced genome, of which about 10% is devoted to the biosynthesis of essential amino acids needed by its hosts. Most regulatory genes for these pathways are absent, raising the question of whether and how transcription of these genes responds to the major shifts in dietary amino acid content encountered by aphids. Using full-genome microarrays for B. aphidicola of the host Schizaphis graminum, we examined transcriptome responses to changes in dietary amino acid content and then verified behavior of individual transcripts using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The only gene showing a consistent and substantial (>twofold) response was metE, which underlies methionine biosynthesis and which is the only amino acid biosynthetic gene retaining its ancestral regulator (metR). In another aphid host, Acyrthosiphon pisum, B. aphidicola has no functional metR and shows no response in metE transcript levels to changes in amino acid concentrations. Thus, the only substantial transcriptional response involves the one gene for which an ancestral regulator is retained. This result parallels that from a previous study on heat stress, in which only the few genes retaining the global heat shock promoter showed responses in transcript abundance. The irreversible losses of transcriptional regulators constrain ability to alter gene expression in the context of environmental fluctuations affecting the symbiotic partners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Transcription in a Reduced Bacterial Genome: Nutrient-Provisioning Genes of the Obligate SymbiontBuchnera aphidicola

2005

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“…Storey et al, (1981) and Chen (1985) stated that the insect haemolymph usually contains very high levels of total free amino acids. Similarly, Liadouze et al, (1995) found a significant increase in the amounts of Lysine and Arginine and later they suggested that these amino acids were related to nitrogen excretory metabolism. The above individual amino acids are all belong to essential amino acids group, and hence cannot be synthesized by de novo method in an insect (Koštál et al, 2011).…”

Section: Quantitative Estimation Of Total Amino Acids and Free Amino mentioning

confidence: 86%

Certain Biochemical Changes in Haemolymph of Eri Silkworm, Samia Cynthia Ricini after Inoculation with Bacteria

Gundeti

Sudha

Rajalingam

et al. 2015

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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The insect immune system exists to protect the host from pathogenic invaders and from other harmful insults. Upon bacterial infection insect haemolymph may lead to fatal consequences and it plays a most important role in transport and storage of nutrients, amino acids and free amino acids concentrations are marked changes for substrates by the immune system, these substrates are provide energy and precursors for the synthesis of new cells, effecter molecules, and protective molecule. We have been studied the certain biochemical changes in bacterial challenged Eri silkworm haemolymph at various time intervals. Results shows that the proteins and amino acids levels were significantly elevated and 18 individual free amino acids were found and that are quantitatively variation in the haemolymph after challenge with gram –ve and gram +ve bacteria when compared and control and sterile haemolymph. We may conclude that these were directly involved in the antimicrobial immune response of Eri silkworm innate immunityInt J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 236-242 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12453

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“…The composition of phloem amino acids in plants depends on the type of nitrogen available to the roots, oxygen levels, plant symbionts, the time of day, and other environmental conditions (Coruzzi and Last, 2000;Liu et al, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2013). Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that aphid-infested plants have altered amino acid composition (Leroy et al, 2011;Liadouze et al, 1995;Sandström and Moran, 2001;Sasaki et al, 1990). Thus, the A. pisum-Buchnera system may have evolved to efficiently assimilate multiple available phloem nitrogen resources to produce other amino acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of A. pisum fed on Vicia faba plants and artificial diet containing varying amounts of non-essential and essential amino acids showed a similar overall amino acid composition, suggesting biosynthesis of essential amino acids within the insects (Liadouze et al, 1995). Compared with aphids containing Buchnera, aposymbiotic aphids that had been cleared of endosymbionts by antibiotic treatment accumulated greater amounts of free amino acids when feeding from plants (Liadouze et al, 1995). Whereas asparagine, aspartic acid and glutamine were more abundant, several essential amino acids were less abundant, suggesting that the endosymbiont bacteria contribute to the conversion of non-essential amino acids into essential amino acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The relative incorporation of 14 C from labeled amino acids and sucrose was markedly different in A. pisum feeding on a diet containing excess amino acids compared with those on a diet that was designed to mimic host phloem sap components, indicating that aphids and/or their symbionts adjust amino acid synthesis based on their dietary needs (Febvay et al, 1999;Liadouze et al, 1995). Although 14 C labeling experiments are very sensitive for detecting dietary carbon incorporation into essential amino acids, measurement of the radioactive signal provides only partial information about metabolic pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotope studies reveal pathways for the incorporation of non-essential amino acids in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphids)

Haribal

Jander

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Plant roots incorporate inorganic nitrogen into the amino acids glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine and aspartic acid, which together serve as the primary metabolites of nitrogen transport to other tissues. Given the preponderance of these four amino acids, phloem sap is a nutritionally unbalanced diet for phloem-feeding insects. Therefore, aphids and other phloem feeders typically rely on microbial symbionts for the synthesis of essential amino acids. To investigate the metabolism of the four main transport amino acids by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and its Buchnera aphidicola endosymbionts, aphids were fed defined diets with stable isotope-labeled glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine or aspartic acid (U-13C, U-15N; U-15N; α-15N; or γ-15N). The metabolic fate of the dietary 15N and 13C was traced using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nitrogen was the major contributor to the observed amino acid isotopomers with one additional unit mass (M+1). However, there was differential incorporation, with the amine nitrogen of asparagine being incorporated into other amino acids more efficiently than the amide nitrogen. Higher isotopomers (M+2, M+3 and M+4) indicated the incorporation of varying numbers of 13C atoms into essential amino acids. GC-MS assays also showed that, even with an excess of dietary labeled glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine or aspartic acid, the overall content of these amino acids in aphid bodies was mostly the product of catabolism of dietary amino acids and subsequent re-synthesis within the aphids. Thus, these predominant dietary amino acids are not passed directly to Buchnera endosymbionts for synthesis of essential amino acids, but are rather are produced de novo, most likely by endogenous aphid enzymes.

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Effect of diet on the free amino acid pools of symbiotic and aposymbiotic pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Cited by 67 publications

References 33 publications

Regulation of Transcription in a Reduced Bacterial Genome: Nutrient-Provisioning Genes of the Obligate SymbiontBuchnera aphidicola

Regulation of Transcription in a Reduced Bacterial Genome: Nutrient-Provisioning Genes of the Obligate SymbiontBuchnera aphidicola

Certain Biochemical Changes in Haemolymph of Eri Silkworm, Samia Cynthia Ricini after Inoculation with Bacteria

Stable isotope studies reveal pathways for the incorporation of non-essential amino acids in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphids)

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