Effect of Dietary Bioactive Compounds on Mitochondrial and Metabolic Flexibility

Abstract

Metabolic flexibility is the capacity of an organism to adequately respond to changes in the environment, such as nutritional input, energetic demand, etc. An important player in the capacity of adaptation through different stages of metabolic demands is the mitochondrion. In this context, mitochondrial dysfunction has been attributed to be the onset and center of many chronic diseases, which are denoted by an inability to adapt fuel preferences and induce mitochondrial morphological changes to respond to metabolic demands, such as mitochondrial number, structure and function. Several nutritional interventions have shown the capacity to induce changes in mitochondrial biogenesis/degradation, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, mitochondrial membrane composition, electron transfer chain capacity, etc., in metabolic inflexibility states that may open new target options and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds for the treatment of metabolic diseases. This review is focused in three well-recognized food bioactive compounds that modulate insulin sensitivity, polyphenols, ω-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber, by several mechanism of action, like caloric restriction properties and inflammatory environment modulation, both closely related to mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Vicenin‐2 acts as a radiosensitizer of the non‐small cell lung cancer by lowering Akt expression

“…6e). Similar effect on the mitochondrial index has been induced by other flavonoid such as resveratrol, which has been shown to promote an increase in mitochondrial numbers in liver and kidney of mice [79]. VCN-2-treated groups also had a lower nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio (Fig.…”

Yerba Mate Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Thermogenesis in High‐Fat‐Diet‐Induced Obese Mice

“…In recent years, some studies have demonstrated that food bioactive compounds are able to enhance mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity . Taking this in mind, we evaluated in C2C12 myoblasts the potential positive effect of YM on mitochondrial function, and we showed that YM was able to increase the mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity at doses of 150 and 200 μg mL −1 in these cells.…”

Association between sleep quality and time with energy metabolism in sedentary adults

“…Sleep disruption (discontinuity of sleep) can lead to the disruption of circadian rhythms 13 , which orchestrate crucial physiological and behavioral functions, being one of these the regulation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism 12 . Higher sleep duration and quality are associated with a healthier gut microbiome 53 , which could suppress insulin signaling, increase β-oxidation and inhibit fat oxidation derived from the production of short-chain fatty acids 54 . Furthermore, sleep disruption (discontinuity of sleep) could decrease melatonin production 13 , which has important metabolic functions, such as lipolysis, regulating the energy flow 55 .…”