Effect of electromagnetic stirring on the microstructures and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy resistance spot weld

Yao, Qi; Luo, Zhen; Li, Y.; Yan, Fuyao; Duan, Ran

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.06.004

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It can be seen that the weld nugget produced under the action of EMS (EMS weld) becomes larger and thinner than the traditional resistance spot weld. This is consistent with the results from earlier studies [11][12][13] showing that the EMS drives the molten metal in the nugget to flow clockwise and generates a centrifugal movement, which will promote the growth of the nugget in a radial direction.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[12,13]. The welding experiments were performed using a 220-kW mediumfrequency, direct current resistance spot welding machine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al have investigated the effect of EMS upon resistance spot welds of 5052 aluminum alloy, and suggested that the effect of EMS was more sensitive to the change of welding time and was insensitive to the change of electrode force [12]. Yao et al have shown that a magnesium alloy resistance spot weld was more likely to experience pullout failure under the action of EMS [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of electromagnetic stirring upon weld quality of Al/Ti dissimilar materials resistance spot welding

Zhang

et al. 2015

Materials & Design

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[12,13]. The welding experiments were performed using a 220-kW mediumfrequency, direct current resistance spot welding machine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of electromagnetic stirring upon weld quality of Al/Ti dissimilar materials resistance spot welding

Zhang

et al. 2015

Materials & Design

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“…Microstructural control during fusion-based welding can be achieved through: (i) manipulation of the heat source, which includes, amongst others, control of the pulse shape [123], by arc pulsation [124] or oscillation [125]; (ii) control the chemical composition of the fusion zone by the introduction of nucleation particles into the melt pool [126]; (iii) adjustment of welding parameters (welding power, welding speed, shielding gas type and flow) [21,47,127]; (iv) through the use of external electromagnetic [128,129] and ultrasonic stimuli [130]. Due to the distinct nature of each technique for grain refinement, each one is discussed separately supported by the existing knowledge in welding and discussing some of the approaches that can be incorporated in additive manufacturing.…”

Section: Strategies To Improve Weld Fusion Zone Microstructures and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

Oliveira

Santos

Miranda

2020

Progress in Materials Science

468

134

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Additive manufacturing technologies based on melting and solidification have considerable similarities with fusion-based welding technologies, either by electric arc or high-power beams. However, several concepts are being introduced in additive manufacturing which have been extensively used in multipass arc welding with filler material. Therefore, clarification of fundamental definitions is important to establish a common background between welding and additive manufacturing research communities. This paper aims to review these concepts, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of fusion welding that can be embraced by additive manufacturing, namely the nature of rapid thermal cycles associated to small size and localized heat sources, the non-equilibrium nature of rapid solidification and its effects on: internal defects formation, phase transformations, residual stresses and distortions. Concerning process optimization, distinct criteria are proposed based on geometric, energetic and thermal considerations, allowing to determine an upper bound limit for the optimum hatch distance during additive manufacturing. Finally, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed. This equation enables to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

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“…Figure 5b also found that a fine grain zone formed along the columnar crystal region in the HAZ. During the cooling process, recovery and recrystallization occur in part of the grains that are near the CCZ, resulting in grain refinement [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Laser–TIG Welded ME21 Rare Earth Mg Alloy

Song

Zhang

et al. 2019

Materials

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The microstructural and mechanical properties of laser–tungsten inert gas (TIG) hybrid welding of Mg alloy sheets for automobiles are investigated in the present work, including AZ31 and ME21, AZ31 and AZ31, ME21 and ME21, and corresponding comparisons were carried out. The results show that columnar crystals appear in the ME21/ME21 and ME21/AZ31 heat-affected zones, and no columnar crystals formed in the AZ31/AZ31 fusion zone under a constant heat ratio of arc to laser. Heat accumulation in a narrow area and the undercooling degree are the two main factors for the formation of columnar crystal. The ME21/ME21 joint has a tensile strength of up to 185.2 MPa, which is about 81.8% of that of the ME21 base metal (BM-ME21). The tensile strength of the ME21/AZ31 joint (158.8 MPa) is lower than that of the ME21/ME21 joint. The fracture of the ME21/ME21 and ME21/AZ31 joints occurs at the junction of the columnar crystal and the heat-affected zone. The microhardness of the ME21/AZ31 joint presents a low–high–low–high trend from BE-ME21 to BE-AZ31, and the distribution of the ME21/AZ31 welded joint microhardness in the cross-section presents a low–high–low trend. The ME21/ME21 weld seam is composed of an AlCe3 intermetallic compound, Mn particles, and α-Mg, and the ME21/AZ31 weld seam is composed of a α-Mg, Mg17Al12, and AlCe3 intermetallic compound.

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Effect of electromagnetic stirring on the microstructures and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy resistance spot weld

Cited by 53 publications

References 28 publications

Impact of electromagnetic stirring upon weld quality of Al/Ti dissimilar materials resistance spot welding

Impact of electromagnetic stirring upon weld quality of Al/Ti dissimilar materials resistance spot welding

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Laser–TIG Welded ME21 Rare Earth Mg Alloy

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