Effect of Engineered Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Enzymes in Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita

Abstract

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) are abundantly utilized on a large scale in different applications due to positive attributes and cause environmental pollution that may affect not only aquatic organisms but also the human beings. The co-precipitation method was used to synthesize NiO-NPs and particles were characterized through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR and SEM confirmed the attached functional group and crystal structure of synthesized nanoparticles, respectively. From XRD pattern, average particle size, X-ray density, lattice parameters (a, b and c) and volume of unit cell of nickel oxide nanoparticles were found to be 53.44 nm, 6.65 g/cm3, (a =b=c=4.56 Å) and 94.81 Å3, respectively. During this study, the acute toxicity of NiO-NPs was determined by using fish, Labeo rohita. The mean 96-h LC50 and lethal concentration were measured as 418.26 and 634.94 mg/L, respectively. The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was determined in fish gills and liver after chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentration of NiO-NPs for 90 days and sampling was done in 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. Significant time dependent variations in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were determined in tissues of the gills and liver than control group during studied time interval. The overall results indicated that induced toxicity of NiO-NPs in aquatic organisms may be due to release of Ni ions from NiO-NPs and NPs induce toxicity in cells through oxidative stress under long term exposure.

Nuclear and Morphological Alterations in Erythrocytes, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Genetic Disparities Induced by Brackish Water in Mrigal Carp (Cirrhinus mrigala)

“…Antioxidant enzymes including GSH, SOD, CAT, and POD along with oxidative stress (TBARS and ROS) parameters are well-known indicators of inflammatory reactions and effective tools for monitoring of tissues from free radical injuries [ 32 , 60 , 62 , 63 ]. These parameters are frequently measured to assess toxicological consequences of various hazardous environmental and synthetic compounds [ 64 , 65 ].…”

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Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Their Role as Potential Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Parasitic Diseases

“…Different nanocarriers, in the form of nanocrystals, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and liposomes have been introduced that can be administered through oral, intestinal, intravenous, and pulmonary routes. These nanocarriers provide physical stability and targeted and controlled release of drugs [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Furthermore, they protect the loaded drug from degradation by enzymes [ 98 ], and it has been observed that the bioavailability and mean residence time of praziquantel was increased by 5.67 and 4.94 folds with hydrogenated castor oil SLNs.…”

Hematobiochemical, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Mediated Toxicity Induced by Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) Nanoparticles in Rabbits

“…The lower hematological profile could also be related to the induction of oxidative stress on bone marrow. The increased total white blood cells and neutrophils can be due to injuries in association with the increased and rapid generation of free radicals in treated rabbits [61]. The significant change in hematological parameters could also be related to the toxic effect of NFNPs on kidneys.…”