Hematobiochemical, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Mediated Toxicity Induced by Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) Nanoparticles in Rabbits

Abstract

From the past few decades, attention towards the biological evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased due to the persistent and extensive application of NPs in various fields, including biomedical science, modern industry, magnetic resonance imaging, and the construction of sensors. Therefore, in the current study, magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles (NFNPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their possible adverse effects in rabbits. The crystallinity of the synthesized NFNPs was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The saturation magnetization (46.7 emug-1) was measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and 0.35-tesla magnetron by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The adverse effects of NFNPs on blood biochemistry and histoarchitecture of the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, and heart of the rabbits were determined. A total of sixteen adult rabbits, healthy and free from any apparent infection, were blindly placed in two groups. The rabbits in group A served as control, while the rabbits in group B received a single dose (via ear vein) of NFNPs for ten days. The blood and visceral tissues were collected from each rabbit at days 5 and 10 of posttreatment. The results on blood and serum biochemistry profile indicated significant variation in hematological and serum biomarkers in NFNP-treated rabbits. The results showed an increased quantity of oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidant enzymes in treated rabbits. Various serum biochemical tests exhibited significantly higher concentrations of different liver function tests, kidney function tests, and cardiac biomarkers. Histopathologically, the liver showed congestion, edema, atrophy, and degeneration of hepatocytes. The kidneys exhibited hemorrhages, atrophy of renal tubule, degeneration, and necrosis of renal tubules, whereas coagulative necrosis, neutrophilic infiltration, and severe myocarditis were seen in different sections of the heart. The brain of the treated rabbits revealed necrosis of neurons, neuron atrophy, and microgliosis. In conclusion, the current study results indicated that the highest concentration of NPs induced adverse effects on multiple tissues of the rabbits.

[Retracted] ZOMEC via the p‐Akt/Nrf2 Pathway Restored PTZ‐Induced Oxidative Stress‐Mediated Memory Dysfunction in Mouse Model

“…Thus, ZOMEC considerably decreased oxidative stress in adult mouse brains, consistent with the previous study [ 43 ]. Some heavy metals, such as cadmium and nickel, have been reported with toxic levels causing damage to the brain and other organs of the body [ 22 , 24 ]. When these metals exceed a certain level within the body, their first targeted organelle is mitochondria.…”

“…So the elevated oxidative stress induces cellular abnormalities, impairs the DNA, and leads to dysfunction of mitochondrial energy production, all of which may help in the progression of aging processes and neurodegenerative disease [16]. There are several reported agents like organotin complexes, biomaterials, prodrugs, and biocompatible drug carriers to treat and reduce the oxidative stress overcoming the neurodegenerative disorder [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

An ultrasmall PVP–Fe–Cu–Ni–S nano-agent for synergistic cancer therapy through triggering ferroptosis and autophagy

“…Since PVP-NPs contain iron, 49,50 copper and nickel, 51,52 we examined their MRI ability in vitro and in vivo with a 3.0 T MRI instrument. 53 As shown in Fig.…”

Biological Health Markers Associated with Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows during Lactation Period

“…It can be a peripheral material itself or a dissimilarity of the original exterior material following the body that has practiced it which can often be enumerated. Biochemical and hematological factors play a significant role in determining the biological health markers of animals [ 4 ]. A wide range of biochemical parameters is affected by factors such as the breed of the animal, its age, its development, and its gestation status [ 5 ].…”