Effect of Exogenous General Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth of the Duckweed Lemna minor

Utami, Desi; Kawahata, Ami; Sugawara, Masayuki; Jog, Rahul; Miwa, Kyoko; Morikawa, Masaaki

doi:10.3389/fchem.2018.00251

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Among the common PGPB evaluation criteria tested in this study, there was no correlation between the strength of the PGP effect and the number or type of the observed PGP traits: F-183 showed only IAA production, TBR-22 showed nothing positive, and P23 exhibited phosphate solubilization solely. We found that external addition of IAA did not improve the growth of L. aequinoctialis ( Figure S5 , consistent with a previous report describing a negligible effect of IAA on the growth of L. minor [ 64 ]), suggesting that IAA production did not contribute to the PGP ability of the F-183 strain. On the other hand, it was reported that 79% of endophytic bacterial isolates from Landoltia , Lemna , Spirodela , and Wolffia were positive in the Salkowski reagent assay [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Novel Plant-Associated Acidobacteria Promotes Growth of Common Floating Aquatic Plants, Duckweeds

et al. 2021

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Duckweeds are small, fast growing, and starch- and protein-rich aquatic plants expected to be a next generation energy crop and an excellent biomaterial for phytoremediation. Despite such an importance, very little is known about duckweed–microbe interactions that would be a key biological factor for efficient industrial utilization of duckweeds. Here we first report the duckweed growth promoting ability of bacterial strains belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria, the members of which are known to inhabit soils and terrestrial plants, but their ecological roles and plant–microbe interactions remain largely unclear. Two novel Acidobacteria strains, F-183 and TBR-22, were successfully isolated from wild duckweeds and phylogenetically affiliated with subdivision 3 and 6 of the phylum, respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In the co-culture experiments with aseptic host plants, the F-183 and TBR-22 strains visibly enhanced growth (frond number) of six duckweed species (subfamily Lemnoideae) up to 1.8–5.1 times and 1.6–3.9 times, respectively, compared with uninoculated controls. Intriguingly, both strains also increased the chlorophyll content of the duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis) up to 2.4–2.5 times. Under SEM observation, the F-183 and TBR-22 strains were epiphytic and attached to the surface of duckweed. Taken together, our findings suggest that indigenous plant associated Acidobacteria contribute to a healthy growth of their host aquatic plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Novel Plant-Associated Acidobacteria Promotes Growth of Common Floating Aquatic Plants, Duckweeds

et al. 2021

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“…On the contrary, all seven bacterial strains positively affected the multiplication rates of the duckweed specimens (the sole exception is the K. oxytoca strain 14 in the medium with 500 mg L −1 of phenol). The strains used in this study are probably not IAA producers; however, the limitation of Salkowski essay applied in this study implied that tested strains might still have produced a low-level of IAA sufficient to affect the growth of duckweed [29,47]. The interactions of IAA-producing bacteria and aquatic plants are further complicated by the fact that it only recently emerged that exogenous IAA probably affects the growth of aquatic plants, Lemnaceae included, in a completely opposite way to the terrestrial plants that were used as a model in the majority of PGP studies [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Following the observation that bacterial presence increased the multiplication rates of duckweed plants, all bacterial strains were tested for the production of IAA in the liquid MS medium in accordance with Gordon and Weber (1951), with some modifications [29,47], to test whether bacterial IAA might be the cause of this increase. Bacterial cultures were grown for 5 days under non-shaking conditions in 100 mL of the MS medium.…”

Section: Salkowski Reagent Test For the Colorimetric Indol-3-acetic Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenol Removal Capacity of the Common Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and Six Phenol-Resistant Bacterial Strains From Its Rhizosphere: In Vitro Evaluation at High Phenol Concentrations

Radulović

Stanković

Uzelac

et al. 2020

Plants

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The main topic of this study is the bioremediation potential of the common duckweed, Lemna minor L., and selected rhizospheric bacterial strains in removing phenol from aqueous environments at extremely high initial phenol concentrations. To that end, fluorescence microscopy, MIC tests, biofilm formation, the phenol removal test (4-AAP method), the Salkowski essay, and studies of multiplication rates of sterile and inoculated duckweed in MS medium with phenol (200, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1) were conducted. Out of seven bacterial strains, six were identified as epiphytes or endophytes that efficiently removed phenol. The phenol removal experiment showed that the bacteria/duckweed system was more efficient during the first 24 h compared to the sterile duckweed control group. At the end of this experiment, almost 90% of the initial phenol concentration was removed by both groups, respectively. The bacteria stimulated the duckweed multiplication even at a high bacterial population density (>105 CFU mL−1) over a prolonged period of time (14 days). All bacterial strains were sensitive to all the applied antibiotics and formed biofilms in vitro. The dual bacteria/duckweed system, especially the one containing strain 43-Hafnia paralvei C32-106/3, Accession No. MF526939, had a number of characteristics that are advantageous in bioremediation, such as high phenol removal efficiency, biofilm formation, safety (antibiotic sensitivity), and stimulation of duckweed multiplication.

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“…Transcription factor WRKY32 has increased expression in the transition from meristem to green frond-like cell types, where it has been previously shown to be involved in ethylene signaling in tomato, where RNAi repression leads to yellowing of fruits (Zhao et al, 2021). It has been shown previously that related L. minor clones show reduced growth from exogenous ethylene treatment (Utami et al, 2018). Conversely, WRKY transcription factors associated with root cell transition are WRKY6 and WRKY65 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Single nuclei transcriptome of the Lesser Duckweed Lemna minuta reveals cell trajectories for an entire plant

Novotny

Hartwick

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The ability to trace every cell in some model organisms has led to the fundamental understanding of development and cellular function. However, in plants the complexity of cell number, organ size and developmental times makes this a challenge even in the diminutive model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we develop the Lesser Duckweed Lemna minuta as a model with a reduced body plan, small genome size and clonal growth pattern that enables simultaneous tracing of cells from the entire plant over the complete developmental cycle. We generated a chromosome-resolved genome for the 360 megabase genome and defined the growth trajectory of the entire plant with single nuclei RNA sequencing. The L. minuta gene complement represents a primarily non-redundant set with only the ancient tau whole genome duplication shared with all monocots, and paralog expansion as a result of tandem duplications related to phytoremediation. Thirteen distinct cell types representing meristem, the leaf-stem fusion called a frond, and root-like tissues were defined using gene orthology with single cell expression from model plants, gene ontology categories, and cell trajectory analysis. Dividing meristem cells give rise to two main branches of root-transition and mesophyll cells, which then give rise to terminally differentiated parenchyma, epidermal and root cells. Mesophyll tissues express high levels of elemental transport genes consistent with this tissue playing a role in L. minuta wastewater detoxification. The L. minuta genome and cell map provide a paradigm to decipher developmental genes and pathways for an entire plant.

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Effect of Exogenous General Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth of the Duckweed Lemna minor

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Novel Plant-Associated Acidobacteria Promotes Growth of Common Floating Aquatic Plants, Duckweeds

Novel Plant-Associated Acidobacteria Promotes Growth of Common Floating Aquatic Plants, Duckweeds

Phenol Removal Capacity of the Common Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and Six Phenol-Resistant Bacterial Strains From Its Rhizosphere: In Vitro Evaluation at High Phenol Concentrations

Single nuclei transcriptome of the Lesser Duckweed Lemna minuta reveals cell trajectories for an entire plant

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