Effect of food deprivation on oxygen consumption and body composition of growth-enhanced transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cook, J. T.; Sutterlin, A. M.; McNiven, Mary A.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00333-1

Cited by 95 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fish are well adapted to survive for long periods without food, and metabolic depression seems to be an important strategy in response to periods of food scarcity [18,19]. When food levels are restored, growth can increase over and above normal rates in these fish.…”

Section: Major Specific Aspects Of Fish Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide transport and animal growth: the fish paradigm

et al. 2011

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Physiology Opinion piecePeptide transport and animal growth: the fish paradigm Protein digestion products are transported from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte both in the form of free amino acids (AAs), by a large variety of brush border membrane AA transporters, and in the form of di/tripeptides, by a single brush border membrane transporter known as PEPtide Transporter 1 (PEPT1). Recent data indicate that, at least in teleost fish, PEPT1 plays a significant role in animal growth by operating, at the gastrointestinal level, as part of an integrated response network to food availability that directly supports body weight. Notably, PEPT1 responds to both fasting and refeeding and is involved in a phenomenon known as compensatory growth (a phase of accelerated growth when food levels are restored after a period of growth depression). In particular, PEPT1 expression decreases during fasting and increases during refeeding, which is the opposite of what observed so far in mammals and birds. These findings in teleost fish document, to our knowledge, for the first time in a vertebrate model, a direct correlation between the expression of an intestinal transporter, such as PEPT1, primarily involved in the uptake of dietary protein degradation products and animal growth.Keywords: di/tripeptides; PEPtide Transporter 1; teleost fish; growth; fasting/refeeding INTRODUCTIONThe modern mode of thinking that digested protein is transported from the intestinal lumen into enterocytes and then into the circulation both as amino acids (AAs) and di/tripeptides dates back to the mid-1970s. Today, we know that di/tripeptides are taken up by a single transporter known as PEPtide Transporter 1 (PEPT1). However, some questions remain unanswered. For instance, although PEPT1 knock-out models have been generated [1,2], it is not clear whether the intestinal peptide transporter plays a role in the up-or downregulation of animal growth. Indeed, by deleting the intestinal peptide transporter pept1 (previously known as pep-2) body size is reduced in an invertebrate animal model, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans [1,3], whereas PepT1 null mice grow to normal size, body weight and organ weight [2].In recent years, interest in piscine PEPT1 has grown rapidly [4,5]. This is owing to the recurring observation that fish can efficiently use dietary di/tripeptides to sustain development, growth and metabolism [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. MAJOR, SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF FISH GROWTHIn most fish, growth is indeterminate and the majority of absorbed nutrients are invested in accreting muscle tissue [15]. Muscle growth in juvenile fish increases both the size (hypertrophia) and number of muscle fibres (hyperplasia). By contrast, the increase in the number of fibres in mammals and birds is arrested shortly after embryonic development has been completed [16], and further muscle growth is mainly caused by hypertrophy of existing fibres. Skeletal muscle forms 40 -60% of the body mass in most adult fish. In muscle, all of the synthesized prot...

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Section: Major Specific Aspects Of Fish Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide transport and animal growth: the fish paradigm

et al. 2011

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“…Therefore, transgenic fish have demonstrated an elevated routine oxygen uptake in order to meet their metabolic needs. Reasons for this may have to do with an increased feeding rate and food conversion efficiency in the transgenic fish (Devlin et al, 1995;Cook et al, 2000c;Cui et al, 1996;Venugopal et al, 2004;Fu et al, 2007). While the mechanisms for this are not completely clear, the ability to digest food, and to absorb and transport nutrition may be better in transgenic fish (Stevens et al, 1999;Devlin, 2000, 2005;Fu et al, 1998;Cook et al, 2000c).…”

Section: Routine Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reasons for this may have to do with an increased feeding rate and food conversion efficiency in the transgenic fish (Devlin et al, 1995;Cook et al, 2000c;Cui et al, 1996;Venugopal et al, 2004;Fu et al, 2007). While the mechanisms for this are not completely clear, the ability to digest food, and to absorb and transport nutrition may be better in transgenic fish (Stevens et al, 1999;Devlin, 2000, 2005;Fu et al, 1998;Cook et al, 2000c). GH transgenic coho salmon were found to have more intestinal surface area supports and more numerous and longer pyloric caecae than controls, which could increase intestinal absorption and support more rapid growth (Stevens et al, 1999;Devlin, 2000, 2005).…”

Section: Routine Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have attempted to investigate the effects of GH transgene on respiratory metabolism traits, which are believed to contribute to whether energy stores in transgenic fish would deplete faster than controls during natural periods of starvation (Cook et al, 2000c;Mckenzie et al, 2003). Other types of GH transgenic fish including Atlantic salmon (S. salar), tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to seasonal and spatial differences in food availability, it is very important to predict how 'all-fish' GH transgenic common carp might adjust respiratory metabolism to meet conditions found in natural waters. The probability and extent of ecological impact of a transgenic animal is in part dependent upon the fitness of transgenic individuals and on the ability to cope with changes in food abundance (Cook et al, 2000c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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