Effect of forage particle size and feeding frequency on fermentation patterns and sites and extent of digestion in dairy cows fed mixed diets

Liboux, S. Le; Peyraud, J. L.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00220-x

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although higher rumen pH is indicative of rations resulting in higher ruminating activity, it is also highly responsive to the introduction of new substrate from the consumption of meals. We suggest that the different meal patterns with animals consuming excessively long rations may have resulted in a marked decrease in rumen pH that characteristically persisted for several hours before recovery to original levels (Le Liboux and Peyraud, 1999). Related to this was the observation that highest NDF digestibility occurred on the shortest diet that also resulted in lowest mean rumen pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Reducing Alfalfa Haylage Particle Size on Cows in Early Lactation

Kononoff¹,

Heinrichs²

2003

Journal of Dairy Science

137

155

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of reducing forage particle size on cows in early lactation based on measurements of the Penn State Particle Separator (PSPS). Eight cannulated, multiparous cows averaging 19 ± 4 d in milk and 642 ± 45 kg BW were assigned to one of two 4 × 4 Latin Squares. During each of the 23-d periods, animals were offered one of four diets, which were chemically identical but included alfalfa haylage of different particle size; short (SH), mostly short (MSH), mostly long (MLG), and long (LG). Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) was determined by measuring the amount of neutral detergent fiber retained on a 1.18 mm screen and was similar across diets (25.7, 26.2, 26.4, 26.7%) but the amount of particles >19.0 mm significantly decreased with decreasing particle size. Reducing haylage particle size increased dry matter intake linearly (23.3, 22.0, 20.9, 20.8 kg for SH, MSH, MLG, LG, respectively). Milk production and percentage fat did not differ across treatments averaging 35.5 ± 0.68 kg milk and 3.32 ± 0.67% fat, while a quadratic effect was observed for percent milk protein, with lowest values being observed for LG. A quadratic effect was observed for mean rumen pH (6.04, 6.15, 6.13, 6.09), while A:P ratio decreased linearly (2.75, 2.86, 2.88, 2.92) with decreasing particle size. Total time ruminating increased quadratically (467, 498, 486, 468 min/d), while time eating decreased linearly (262, 253, 298, 287 min/d) with decreasing particle size. Both eating and ruminating per unit of neutral detergent fiber intake decreased with reducing particle size (35.8, 36.7, 44.9, 45.6 min/ kg; 19.9, 23.6, 23.5, 23.5 min/kg). Although chewing activity was 1445 closely related to forage particle size, effects on rumen pH were small, indicating factors other than particle size are critical in regulating pH when ration neutral detergent fiber met recommended levels. Feeding alfalfa haylage based rations of reduced particle size resulted in animals consuming more feed but did not affect milk production. (Key words: rumen, effective fiber, pH, and rumination)Abbreviation key: BWCH = body weight change, DMD = dry matter digestibility, LDR = liquid dilution rate, LG = long treatment containing long harvested haylage, MSH = intermediate short treatment composed of 1/3 parts LG, 2/3 parts SH, MLG = intermediate long composed of 2/3 parts LG, 1/3 parts SH. peNDF = physically effective neutral detergent fiber, PSPS = Penn State Particle Separator, RDOM = rumen degradable organic matter, S gm = geometric standard deviation, SH = short treatment containing rechopped alfalfa haylage, TC = total chewing activity, TLC = theoretical length of cut, X gm = geometric mean length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Reducing Alfalfa Haylage Particle Size on Cows in Early Lactation

Kononoff¹,

Heinrichs²

2003

Journal of Dairy Science

137

155

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“…Increasing feeding frequency will generally lower diurnal variation in rumen fermentation parameters. For example, in lactating cows increasing feeding frequency from two to six times-daily was found to decrease post-feeding variation in rumen pH, osmolality, VFA and NH 3 concentrations (Le Liboux and Peyraud, 1999).…”

Section: Donor Animal Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, implementation and interpretation of in vitro batch culture experiments to assess enteric methane mitigation in ruminants—a review

Yáñez-Ruíz

Bannink

Dijkstra

et al. 2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

136

120

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a b s t r a c tIn vitro fermentation techniques (IVFT) have been widely used to evaluate the nutritive value of feeds for ruminants and in the last decade to assess the effect of different nutritional strategies on methane (CH4) production. However, many technical factors may influence the results obtained. The present review has been prepared by the 'Global Network' FACCE-JPI international research consortium to provide a critical evaluation of the main factors that need to be considered when designing, conducting and interpreting IVFT experiments that investigate nutritional strategies to mitigate CH 4 emission from ruminants. Given the increasing and wide-scale use of IVFT, there is a need to critically review reports in the literature and establish what criteria are essential to the establishment and implementation of in vitro techniques. Key aspects considered include: i) donor animal species and number of animal used, ii) diet fed to donor animals, iii) collection and processing of rumen fluid as inoculum, iv) choice of substrate and incubation buffer, v) incubation procedures and CH 4 measurements, vi) headspace gas composition and vii) comparability of in vitro and in vivo measurements. Based on an evaluation of experimental evidence, a set of technical recommendations are presented to harmonize IVFT for feed evaluation, assessment of rumen function and CH 4 production.

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“…This particular effect of feeding frequency on carbohydrate digestion was not observed when diets differing in forage particle size were used (Le Liboux and Peyraud 1999). Similarly, the sta-bilization of rumen conditions by increasing feeding frequency has not always improved performance of dairy cows (French and Kennelly 1990;Klusmeyer et al 1990b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of supplemental protein and energy and feeding frequency on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed a protein deficient diet

Thivierge¹,

Bernier²,

Lapierre³

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Effects of supplemental protein and energy and feeding frequency on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed a protein-deficient diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 225-231. The objective of this experiment was to study the interaction between feeding frequency and supplementation of a protein-deficient diet with an undegradable protein and energy source on milk production and composition. Eight Holstein cows were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, using a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14-d experimental periods. The main factors were feeding frequency of the basal diet (two vs. seven times daily) and the addition of a protein-energy supplement fed in seven meals daily. Intake of the basal diet was individually restricted to 95% of previous ad libitum intake. The supplement consisted of 1.71 kg of Pro-Lak ® (70% rumen-undegradable protein) and 0.94 kg of dried molasses. The basal diet provided 69, 89, 54, and 95% of the daily requirements of crude protein, rumen-degradable and rumen-undegradable proteins and NE L , respectively. Milk protein yield increased (P = 0.06) by 4% with increased feeding frequency. Milk and milk protein yield both increased (P < 0.01) by 12% with the supplement, but no interaction between feeding frequency and the supplement was observed. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives, an index of rumen microbial protein synthesis, was not affected by treatments. Thus, the results indicate that microbial growth was not affected by meal frequency or the protein-energy supplement, maybe due to the high supply of rumen-degradable protein from the basal diet. The effect of increasing meal frequency on milk protein yield might be related to an increased post-ruminal digestibility of organic matter. L'objectif de la présente expérience était d'étudier l'interaction entre la fréquence d'alimentation ainsi que l'ajout d'un supplément d'énergie et de protéine non-dégradable dans le rumen à une ration de base carencée en protéine sur la production et la composition du lait. Huit vaches Holstein ont été utilisées avec une distribution des traitements factorielle 2 × 2 dans un double carré latin 4 × 4 avec des périodes expérimentales de 14 j. Les effets principaux étaient la fréquence d'alimentation de la ration de base (deux vs. sept fois par jour) et l'ajout ou non d'un supplément d'énergie et de protéine non-dégradable dans le rumen servi en 7 repas quotidiens. Le supplément consistait à 1,71 kg de Pro-Lak ® (70% de protéine non-dégradable dans le rumen) et 0,94 kg de mélasse sèche. La ration totale mélangée de base fournissait 69, 89, 54 et 95% des besoins quotidiens en protéines brute, dégradable et non-dégradable dans le rumen et d'énergie nette pour le lait. La consommation de la ration de base des vaches a été individuellement restreinte à 95% de leur consommation volontaire, mesurée avant le début de l'expérience. La production de protéine brute du lait a augmenté de 4% (P = 0.06) avec l'augmentation de la fréquence d'alimentation. La production laitière et la production de protéine on...

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Effect of forage particle size and feeding frequency on fermentation patterns and sites and extent of digestion in dairy cows fed mixed diets

Cited by 58 publications

References 31 publications

The Effect of Reducing Alfalfa Haylage Particle Size on Cows in Early Lactation

The Effect of Reducing Alfalfa Haylage Particle Size on Cows in Early Lactation

Design, implementation and interpretation of in vitro batch culture experiments to assess enteric methane mitigation in ruminants—a review

Effects of supplemental protein and energy and feeding frequency on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed a protein deficient diet

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