Effect of Gestational Biological, Social, Economic Factors on Undernutrition in Infants 6-12 Months in Cilacap

Abstract

Background: Undernutrition in children under five can cause disorder in the physical growth, mental development, low intellegence, or even death. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that under nutrition in infants aged 6-12 months is associated with gestational biological, social, and economic factors. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with case control design. This study was conducted in Cilacap, Central Java. A total of 144 infants aged 6-12 months were selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 72 undernutrition cases and 72 control. The dependent variable was undernutrition. The independent variables were birthweight, breastfeeding complementary food intake, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, paternal education, family income, MUAC at pregnancy, intra-household food allocation, and rural-urban residence. The data were collected by questionnaire and anthropometry. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Birthweight <2500 gram (OR=8.12; 95% CI=0.92 to 71.64; p=0.059), inadequate intake of breastfeeding complementary food (OR=3.93; 95% CI=1.59 to 9.75; p=0.003), and nonexclusive breastfeeding (OR=2.46; 95% CI=1.13 to 5.36; p=0.023) increased the risk of undernutrition in infants aged 6-12 months. Paternal education (OR=1.50; 95% CI=0.61 to 3.71; p=0.377), family income (OR=2.54; 95% CI= 1.03 to 6.28; p=0.43), MUAC (OR=1.32; 95% CI=0.512 to 3.38; p=0.562), intra-household food allocation (OR=1.84; 95% CI=0.85 to 4.02; p=0.123), maternal education (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.31 to 1.97; p=0.599) and rural-urban residence (OR=0.82; 95% CI= 0.36 to 1.85; p=0.630) had non-significant effect on the risk of undernutrition in infants aged 6-12 months. Conclusion: Birthweight <2,500 g, inadequate intake of breastfeeding complementary food, and non-exclusive breastfeeding increase the risk of undernutrition in infants aged 6-12 months. Paternal education, family income, MUAC, intra-household food allocation, maternal education and rural-urban residence have non-significant effect on the risk of undernutrition in infants aged 6-12 months.

Determinants of Stunting in Tambakreja Village, South Cilacap District, Cilacap

“…High maternal education cannot mean that mothers have a good knowledge in the fulfillment of child nutrition. This is in accordance with research conducted by M. Septikasari (2016) where in her research showed no significant relationship between maternal education level with child nutrition status. [18] Education on the one hand has a positive impact that the mother increasingly understands the importance of health care.…”

Status berat badan lahir rendah dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Desa Sukadadi, Lampung

“…Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Case Control yang dilakukan di Kelurahan Sangkrah, Surakarta bahwa sebanyak 70% kelompok kasus tidak memiliki riwayat BBLR, tetapi hasil penelitian tersebut menyatakan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara berat lahir dengan kejadian stunting pada balita (OR=12,429; p=0,006) (6). Penelitian lain yang juga memberikan hasil serupa adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Septikasari di Cilacap yang menyatakan bahwa anak yang dilahirkan dengan berat badan yang rendah berpeluang untuk mengalami kekurangan gizi sebesar delapan kali lebih besar dibandingkan yang dilahirkan dengan berat normal, serta diketahui kejadian BBLR merupakan salah satu faktor prediktor dari kekurangan gizi pada balita di Cilacap (OR=8,12; 95%CI=0,92-71,64) (15). Bayi yang dilahirkan dengan berat badan normal akan cenderung memiliki pertahanan diri yang lebih baik untuk tidak mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan bayi yang BBLR (OR=1,85; 95%CI=1,282-2,662) (16).…”

“…Hal tersebut yang menyebabkan anak dengan BBLR memiliki pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang lebih lambat. Selain itu, anak yang BBLR lebih rentan mengalami penyakit infeksi jika asupan gizi tidak diupayakan secara optimal dan tidak terjamin hygiene sanitasinya sehingga anak lebih berisiko mengalami permasalahan gizi seperti stunting (15).…”

Peran Bidan dalam ASI Eksklusif di Kabupaten Cilacap

“…Pemberian ASI saja sampai bayi berusia 6 bulan atau disebut ASI eksklusif mampu memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan nutrisi bayi. Selain mampu memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi bayi, ASI eksklusif juga bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan anak (Septikasari, Akhyar, & Wiboworini, 2016). Aspek fungsi kognitif pada bayi yang di beri ASI eksklusif memberikan hasil lebih baik dibanding dengan yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif (Novita, Gurnida, & Garna, 2008).…”